The Neural Basis of Disorganized Symptoms in Schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Leube
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Grey Matter Density

Structural brain changes in schizophrenia patients have been reported in many studies. It is still unclear how these changes relate to psychopathological symptom clusters. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether scores of the subscales from a five factorial model of the PANSS correlate with changes of brain morphology.High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans from 54 patients with schizophrenia were analyzed with voxel based morphometry, a voxel-wise whole brain morphometric technique. We correlated grey matter density with the subscales of a five factor component analysis of the PANSS score. Additionally we performed a two group comparison with 101 healthy control subjects.Significant negative correlations of the disorganization score with grey matter density were found for clusters of voxels in the right inferior frontal, right insular cortex, left temporal pole and left superior temporal gyrus, as well as cingulate cortex and cerebellum. No morphological correlate was found for the other four subscales. P atients showed significant less grey matter density than control subjects in the left and right insula lobe and superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex.The disorganisation syndrome in schizophrenia is linked to particular morphological grey matter reductions in key areas of the disorder. The data support the hypothesis that different symptom clusters in schizophrenia might have different neural substrates.

scholarly journals Association between Visceral Adiposity Index, Binge Eating Behavior, and Grey Matter Density in Caudal Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Severe Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Sylvain Iceta ◽  
Mahsa Dadar ◽  
Justine Daoust ◽  
Anais Scovronec ◽  
Vicky Leblanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Visceral Adiposity Index ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Grey Matter Density ◽  
Behavior Scale

Visceral adipose tissue accumulation is an important determinant of metabolic risk and can be estimated by the visceral adiposity index (VAI). Visceral adiposity may impact brain regions involved in eating behavior. We aimed to examine the association between adiposity measurements, binge eating behavior, and grey matter density. In 20 men and 59 women with severe obesity, Grey matter density was measured by voxel-based morphometry for six regions of interest associated with reward, emotion, or self-regulation: insula, orbitofrontal cortex, caudal and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Binge eating behavior, depression and impulsivity was assessed by the Binge Eating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, respectively. Men and women were distinctively divided into two subgroups (low-VAI and high-VAI) based on the mean VAI score. Women with high-VAI were characterized by metabolic alterations, higher binge eating score and lower grey matter density in the caudal ACC compared to women with low-VAI. Men with high-VAI were characterized by a higher score for the sensation-seeking subscale of the UPPS–Impulsive Behavior Scale compared to men with low-VAI. Using a moderation–mediation analysis, we found that grey matter density in the caudal ACC mediates the association between VAI and binge eating score. In conclusion, visceral adiposity is associated with higher binge eating severity in women. Decreased grey matter density in the caudal ACC, a region involved in cognition and emotion regulation, may influence this relationship.

scholarly journals Exploring cross-linguistic vocabulary effects on brain structures using voxel-based morphometry

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID W. GREEN ◽  
JENNY CRINION ◽  
CATHY J. PRICE
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Grey Matter Density ◽  
Neural Markers

Given that there are neural markers for the acquisition of a non-verbal skill, we review evidence of neural markers for the acquisition of vocabulary. Acquiring vocabulary is critical to learning one's native language and to learning other languages. Acquisition requires the ability to link an object concept (meaning) to sound. Is there a region sensitive to vocabulary knowledge? For monolingual English speakers, increased vocabulary knowledge correlates with increased grey matter density in a region of the parietal cortex that is well-located to mediate an association between meaning and sound (the posterior supramarginal gyrus). Further this region also shows sensitivity to acquiring a second language. Relative to monolingual English speakers, Italian–English bilinguals show increased grey matter density in the same region. Differences as well as commonalities might exist in the neural markers for vocabulary where lexical distinctions are also signalled by tone. Relative to monolingual English, Chinese multilingual speakers, like European multilinguals, show increased grey matter density in the parietal region observed previously. However, irrespective of ethnicity, Chinese speakers (both Asian and European) also show highly significant increased grey matter density in two right hemisphere regions (the superior temporal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus). They also show increased grey matter density in two left hemisphere regions (middle temporal and superior temporal gyrus). Such increases may reflect additional resources required to process tonal distinctions for lexical purposes or to store tonal differences in order to distinguish lexical items. We conclude with a discussion of future lines of enquiry.

scholarly journals Pain sensitivity is inversely related to regional grey matter density in the brain

Pain ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichole M. Emerson ◽  
Fadel Zeidan ◽  
Oleg V. Lobanov ◽  
Morten S. Hadsel ◽  
Katherine T. Martucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Grey Matter Density ◽  
The Brain

Decrease in basal ganglia grey matter density associated with atypical antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Stip ◽  
Adham Mancini-Marïe ◽  
Cherine Fahim ◽  
Lahcen Ait Bentaleb ◽  
Genevieve Létourneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotic ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Grey Matter Density

ELEVATED PLASMA NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT CHAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED GREY MATTER DENSITY IN AD AND MCI

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. P1493
Author(s):  
Kacie Deters ◽  
Shannon L. Risacher ◽  
Kaj Blennow ◽  
Henrik Zetterberg ◽  
Michael Weiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Chain ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Neurofilament Light Chain ◽  
Neurofilament Light ◽  
Grey Matter Density

Voxel-based morphometry reveals an association between aerobic capacity and grey matter density in the right anterior insula

Neuroscience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 1102-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peters ◽  
M. Dauvermann ◽  
C. Mette ◽  
P. Platen ◽  
J. Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Grey Matter Density ◽  
The Right

O3-03-06: Grey Matter Density in Relation to Cognitive Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P288-P288
Author(s):  
Gennady V. Roshchupkin ◽  
Hazel I. Zonneveld ◽  
Hieab H.H. Adams ◽  
Meike W. Vernooij ◽  
Wiro J. Niessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Grey Matter Density

scholarly journals Resting-State Isolated Effective Connectivity of the Cingulate Cortex as a Neurophysiological Biomarker in Patients with Severe Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Masataka Wada ◽  
Shinichiro Nakajima ◽  
Ryosuke Tarumi ◽  
Fumi Masuda ◽  
Takahiro Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Subject Factor ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: The neural basis of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) remains unclear. Previous neuroimaging studies suggest that aberrant connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and default mode network (DMN) may play a key role in the pathophysiology of TRS. Thus, we aimed to examine the connectivity between the ACC and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a hub of the DMN, computing isolated effective coherence (iCoh), which represents causal effective connectivity. Methods: Resting-state electroencephalogram with 19 channels was acquired from seventeen patients with TRS and thirty patients with non-TRS (nTRS). The iCoh values between the PCC and ACC were calculated using sLORETA software. We conducted four-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) for iCoh values with group as a between-subject factor and frequency, directionality, and laterality as within-subject factors and post-hoc independent t-tests. Results: The ANOVA and post-hoc t-tests for the iCoh ratio of directionality from PCC to ACC showed significant findings in delta (t45 = 7.659, p = 0.008) and theta (t45 = 8.066, p = 0.007) bands in the left side (TRS < nTRS). Conclusion: Left delta and theta PCC and ACC iCoh ratio may represent a neurophysiological basis of TRS. Given the preliminary nature of this study, these results warrant further study to confirm the importance of iCoh as a clinical indicator for treatment-resistance.

scholarly journals Musical training intensity yields opposite effects on grey matter density in cognitive versus sensorimotor networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 219 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara E. James ◽  
Mathias S. Oechslin ◽  
Dimitri Van De Ville ◽  
Claude-Alain Hauert ◽  
Céline Descloux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Grey Matter Density

Increased Anterior Cingulate Cortex Volume in Bipolar I Disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 910-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Javadapour ◽  
Gin S. Malhi ◽  
Belinda Ivanovski ◽  
Xiaohua Chen ◽  
Wei Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Objective Functional

Objective: Functional neuroimaging studies have implicated the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), but findings from volumetric studies have been less consistent, therefore the purpose of the present study was to further investigate the existence of volumetric abnormalities in the ACC cortex of individuals with BD. In addition to methodological inconsistencies many previous studies have been lacking robustness clinically with respect to characterizing bipolar patients and comparison subjects. Hence, the present study matched the groups closely across a number of demographic parameters. Methods: Using magnetic resonance imaging, ACC volumes of 24 bipolar patients were compared to 24 gender-, age-, and education-matched control subjects, and these findings were further investigated in relation to both illness and treatment factors. Results: A significantly larger (26%) right ACC in bipolar patients than control subjects was seen, and this difference was not associated with a history of psychosis, familiality, or lithium treatment, after controlling for potential confounds. Patients reporting fewer affective episodes did, however, have significantly larger ACC volumes than controls, suggesting ACC volumetric changes early in the course of BD. Conclusions: An increase in the size of the ACC may have important implications for the neurobiology of BD. It is suggested that attempts to control affective instability during the early stages of the illness necessitates greater ACC mediation via its role in conflict resolution and hence this is reflected in the increased size of the ACC early in the course of the illness.

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