The different encapsulants of lileum leaves (Clerodendrum Minahassae L) and Avocado Seed (Persea Americana Mill) extraction on Physical Quality and Microscopic Structure

This research aimed to examine the differences encapsulant of leilem leaves and avocado seed (1 : 1) using a microwave oven to the microcapsule product physical quality and microscopic structure. The method was used laboratory experimental with 5 different encapsulants consist of gum arab (A1), whey (A2), chitosan (A3), maltodextrin (A4) and zeolit (A5) with 4 replications in every treatment, respectively. The Variables observed in this research consist of physical quality (dry matter, density, yield, solubility of solids) and microscopic structure. The data of physical quality was evaluate the size and structure, then the microscopic structure was analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the experiment using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results showed that the use of different encapsulates showed a significant (P < 0.05) effect on density and the solubility of solids in the product but it were not significant effect on dry matter and yield. Furthermore, different encapsulants also showed significantly different on the microscopic structure. Therefore, it can be concluded that the encapsulation process of the mixed extract of leilem leaves and avocado seeds using a microwave oven and chitosan encapsulation can produce the best physical quality and microscopic structure.

A new constant behind the rotational velocity of galaxies

The present work is devoted to studying the dynamical evolution of galaxies in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity and its relationship with the MOND paradigm. This study is useful for giving meaning to the presence of a new gravitational constant. The stability of dark matter is strongly dependent on matter density. We are interested in calculating the maximum rotational velocity of galaxies. We show that rotating galaxies can be described by a new parameter that depends both on the minimum value of scalar fields and on the effective mass of this field. According to observational data, we have shown that this parameter is a constant.

A test of the standard dark matter density evolution law using galaxy clusters and cosmic chronometers

In this paper, we implement a test of the standard law for the dark matter density evolution as a function of redshift. For this purpose, only a flat universe and the validity of the FRW metric are assumed. A deformed dark matter density evolution law is considered, given by $$\rho _c(z) \propto (1+z)^{3+\epsilon }$$ ρ c ( z ) ∝ ( 1 + z ) 3 + ϵ , and constraints on $$\epsilon $$ ϵ are obtained by combining the galaxy cluster gas mass fractions with cosmic chronometers measurements. We find that $$\epsilon =0$$ ϵ = 0 within 2$$\sigma $$ σ c.l., in full agreement with other recent analyses.

Revisiting dynamics of interacting quintessence

We apply the tools of the dynamical system theory in order to revisit and uncover the structure of a nongravitational interaction between pressureless dark matter and dark energy described by a scalar field $$\phi $$ ϕ . For a coupling function $$Q = -(\alpha d\rho _m/dt + \beta d\rho _\phi /dt )$$ Q = - ( α d ρ m / d t + β d ρ ϕ / d t ) , where t is the cosmic time, we have found that it can be rewritten in the form $$Q = 3H (\alpha \rho _m + \beta (d\phi /dt)^2 )/(1-\alpha +\beta )$$ Q = 3 H ( α ρ m + β ( d ϕ / d t ) 2 ) / ( 1 - α + β ) , so that its dependence on the dark matter density and on the kinetic term of the scalar field is linear and proportional to the Hubble parameter. We analyze the scenarios $$\alpha =0$$ α = 0 , $$\alpha = \beta $$ α = β and $$\alpha = -\beta $$ α = - β , separately and in order to describe the cosmological evolution we have calculated various observables. A notable result of this work is that, unlike for the noninteracting scalar field with exponential potential where five critical points appear, in the case studied here, with the exception of the matter dominated solution, the remaining singular points are transformed into scaling solutions enriching the phase space. It is shown that for $$\alpha \ne 0$$ α ≠ 0 , a separatrix arises modifying prominently the structure of the phase space. This represents a novel feature no mentioned before in the literature.

Search for topological defect dark matter with a global network of optical magnetometers

Ultralight bosons such as axion-like particles are viable candidates for dark matter. They can form stable, macroscopic field configurations in the form of topological defects that could concentrate the dark matter density into many distinct, compact spatial regions that are small compared with the Galaxy but much larger than the Earth. Here we report the results of the search for transient signals from the domain walls of axion-like particles by using the global network of optical magnetometers for exotic (GNOME) physics searches. We search the data, consisting of correlated measurements from optical atomic magnetometers located in laboratories all over the world, for patterns of signals propagating through the network consistent with domain walls. The analysis of these data from a continuous month-long operation of GNOME finds no statistically significant signals, thus placing experimental constraints on such dark matter scenarios.

Cognitive Development and Brain Gray Matter Susceptibility to Prenatal Adversities: Moderation by the Prefrontal Cortex Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Co-expression Network

Background: Previous studies focused on the relationship between prenatal conditions and neurodevelopmental outcomes later in life, but few have explored the interplay between gene co-expression networks and prenatal adversity conditions on cognitive development trajectories and gray matter density.Methods: We analyzed the moderation effects of an expression polygenic score (ePRS) for the Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor gene network (BDNF ePRS) on the association between prenatal adversity and child cognitive development. A score based on genes co-expressed with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) BDNF was created, using the effect size of the association between the individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and the BDNF expression in the PFC. Cognitive development trajectories of 157 young children from the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) cohort were assessed longitudinally in 4-time points (6, 12, 18, and 36 months) using the Bayley-II mental scales.Results: Linear mixed-effects modeling indicated that BDNF ePRS moderates the effects of prenatal adversity on cognitive growth. In children with high BDNF ePRS, higher prenatal adversity was associated with slower cognitive development in comparison with those exposed to lower prenatal adversity. Parallel-Independent Component Analysis (pICA) suggested that associations of expression-based SNPs and gray matter density significantly differed between low and high prenatal adversity groups. The brain IC included areas involved in visual association processes (Brodmann area 19 and 18), reallocation of attention, and integration of information across the supramodal cortex (Brodmann area 10).Conclusion: Cognitive development trajectories and brain gray matter seem to be influenced by the interplay of prenatal environmental conditions and the expression of an important BDNF gene network that guides the growth and plasticity of neurons and synapses.

Neutron stars in $$f(\mathtt {R,L_m})$$ gravity with realistic equations of state: joint-constrains with GW170817, massive pulsars, and the PSR J0030+0451 mass-radius from NICER data

In this work, we investigate neutron stars (NS) in $$f(\mathtt {R,L_m})$$ f ( R , L m ) theory of gravity for the case $$f(\mathtt {R,L_m})= \mathtt {R}+ \mathtt {L_m}+ \sigma \mathtt {R}\mathtt {L_m}$$ f ( R , L m ) = R + L m + σ R L m , where $$\mathtt {R}$$ R is the Ricci scalar and $$\mathtt {L_m}$$ L m the Lagrangian matter density. In the term $$\sigma \mathtt {R}\mathtt {L_m}$$ σ R L m , $$\sigma $$ σ represents the coupling between the gravitational and particles fields. For the first time the hydrostatic equilibrium equations in the theory are solved considering realistic equations of state and NS masses and radii obtained are subject to joint constrains from massive pulsars, the gravitational wave event GW170817 and from the PSR J0030+0451 mass-radius from NASA’s Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) data. We show that in this theory of gravity, the mass-radius results can accommodate massive pulsars, while the general theory of relativity can hardly do it. The theory also can explain the observed NS within the radius region constrained by the GW170817 and PSR J0030+0451 observations for masses around $$1.4~M_{\odot }$$ 1.4 M ⊙ .