Mood congruence effect in explicit and implicit memory tasks: a comparison between depressed patients, schizophrenic patients and controls

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Bazin ◽  
P Perruchet ◽  
A Féline
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Congruence Effect ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Mood Congruence ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Neopterin measurement provides evidence of altered cell-mediated immunity in patients with depression, but not with schizophrenia

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Dunbar ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
T. J. Neale ◽  
G. W. Mellsop
Keyword(s):  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Diagnostic Group ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Altered Cell ◽  
Normal Controls

SynopsisNeopterin is a validated marker of the activation of cell-mediated immunity in a variety of disease states. We measured neopterin and creatinine concentrations in the plasma and urine of 22 schizophrenic and 26 depressed patients admitted acutely to hospital, and compared results with those in a large group of normal controls. Neopterin/creatinine ratios were normal in the schizophrenic patients, but significantly elevated in the plasma of depressed patients. In each diagnostic group, the use of psychotropic drugs before admission had no effect on the neopterin ratios observed. Our findings indicate altered cell-mediated immunity in depression.

Changes in Auditory P3 Event-related Potential in Schizophrenia and Depression

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. R. Blackwood ◽  
L. J. Whalley ◽  
J. E. Christie ◽  
I. M. Blackburn ◽  
D. M. St Clair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
P3 Amplitude

Event-related potentials during a two-tone discrimination task were recorded in 24 schizophrenic patients, 16 depressed patients and 59 control subjects. Recordings were made when patients were medication-free. Fourteen schizophrenic and 13 depressed patients were retested at 1 and 4 weeks after the start of treatment, and 13 schizophrenic patients were also tested between 6 and 24 months after the initial recordings. In the schizophrenic group, the P3 latency was significantly prolonged compared with that in the control and the depressed groups, and remained unchanged both after 4 weeks treatment with therapeutic doses of neuroleptic drugs and at long-term follow-up. In the depressed group, the P3 latency did not differ from that of controls. P3 amplitude by contrast was reduced in both the acutely depressed and schizophrenic groups and following treatment became normal in the depressed group but remained reduced in the schizophrenic group. It is suggested that a prolonged P3 latency and reduced P3 amplitude indicate an impairment of auditory information processing in some patients with schizophrenia which is independent of the presence of acute psychotic symptoms and is not influenced by neuroleptic medication.

scholarly journals Anhedonia in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder Clinical and Functional MRI Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Amr Mohamad Elsarnagawy ◽  
Rasha Ahmad Elshafeay ◽  
Adel Abd-Elkarim Badawy ◽  
Ehab Sayed Ramadan ◽  
Gamal Ibrahim Shamma
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Anhedonia, is defined as reduced capacity to gain pleasure from pleasurable experiences, is a key symptom of major depression. Several studies had investigated anhedonia in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, using different psychometric and radiological assessment tools with controversy results in either severity of anhedonia or radiological findings. The aim of this study was to differentiate the nature of the issue of anhedonia in schizophrenia versus major depressive disorder; from clinical and brain function part of view, and to study different variables in this regard. Methods: This study was carried on 60 participants who were divided into three groups: Group 1: 20 schizophrenic patients, diagnosed according to DSM-5. The symptoms of schizophrenic patients must include anhedonia as a main symptom, Group 2: 20 patients with major depressive disorder according to DSM-5 criteria, and anhedonia was one of their prominent symptoms, Group 3: 20 control subjects. Results: Our results revealed statically significant differences between participants as regards age of onset, occupational career. Statically significant differences were found between 3 groups. Most of patients in group 1 lacks the interest for social activities and intimate relationships. Statically significant Difference was found between patients in both groups compared to controls. Striatal activity (mainly caudate) was significantly diminished in group 2 (P value <0.001) and group 1 (P value 0.002) relative to controls. Prefrontal activity (ventromedial area ''vmPFC'' and dorsolateral area ''DLPFC'') was increased significantly in group 2 more than control group (P value 0.034). Group 1 shows significantly decreased activation than controls (P value 0.019).  Significant differences were found between group 1 and 2 (P value <0.001). Orbito-frontal activity was increased significantly in depressed patients more than group 1 (P <0.001) and controls (P =0.019). Conclusions: Anhedonia is a highly disabling symptom in patients with schizophrenia or MDD, associated with poor outcome. Depressed anhedonic patients have higher incidence of suicidal ideas, thoughts, and behavior. Depressed patients showed significant striatal hypoactivation associated with hyper activation of prefrontal and orbitofrontal areas. Schizophrenic patients showed diminished activation at striatal areas and frontal cortex.  We fail to find significant correlation between severity of anhedonia in both patient groups and degree of fMRI activation in different brain areas involved in reward processing.

Adrenocortical Responsiveness during Courses of Electro-convulsive Therapy

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (522) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elithorn ◽  
P. K. Bridges ◽  
J. R. Hodges ◽  
M. T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Close Similarity ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy

In a previous paper (Hodges, Jones, Elithorn and Bridges, 1964) we reported on adrenocortical activity in depressed and schizophrenic patients as revealed by plasma cortisol levels before and after electro-convulsive therapy (E.C.T.). Close similarity was found between the two groups except for three depressed patients who appeared to show considerably higher cortisol levels after the treatment than did the remaining subjects. The patients were examined at random different treatments during the whole treatment course and it appeared possible, both that the observed cortisol response to E.C.T. might depend partly on which treatment of the series in a whole course was under examination, and also that the response of the illness to therapy might be a significant factor. It was therefore decided to observe in a number of subjects the response to successive treatments throughout courses of E.C.T.

The effects of sad mood on memory in older adults: A test of the mood congruence effect.

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob G. Knight ◽  
Michele L. Maines ◽  
Gia S. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Congruence Effect ◽  
Mood Congruence ◽  
Sad Mood

Cortisol and BDNF levels in depression within schizophrenia structure: approach to treating

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia S. Nikiforova ◽  
Galina E. Mazo
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Structure Approach ◽  
Psychometric Methods ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

To evaluate the effect of depression on the level of cortisol and BDNF in patients with schizophrenia 25 inpatients, who met the diagnostic criteria for ICD-10 schizophrenia (F20), were examined. The examination included clinical, psychopathological, laboratory and psychometric methods. Patients were examined twice: at admission and after 6 weeks of treatment. It was found that the level of BDNF in schizophrenic patients with depressive symptoms was significantly lower than that of non-depressed patients, and the level of cortisol in patients with depression was significantly higher.

Overinclusive Thought Disorder in Chronic Schizophrenics and its Response to ‘Proketazine’

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (461) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Payne ◽  
D. Friedlander ◽  
S. G. Laverty ◽  
P. Haden
Keyword(s):  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Significant Tendency ◽  
Extreme Degree ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Motor Retardation ◽  
Objective Tests

Studies using objective tests have found that two relatively independent types of thought disorder occur in patients diagnosed as “schizophrenic”. In several studies (Payne, 1961) approximately half the acute schizophrenic patients showed an extreme degree of intellectual and motor retardation, more severe than that found even among retarded depressed patients, while half suffered from overinclusive thinking, as measured by the tests used. There was a significant tendency in one study (Payne and Hewlett, 1960) for these two types of thought disorder not to occur in the same acute schizophrenic patients.

Skin conductance habituation during acute episodes of schizophrenia: qualitative differences from anxious and depressed patients

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Frith ◽  
Marilyn Stevens ◽  
Eve C. Johnstone ◽  
T. J. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Loud Tone ◽  
Response Frequency ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Response Generalization ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations ◽  
Sensitization Effect

SYNOPSISSkin conductance habituation was measured in schizophrenic patients (N = 41) during an acute episode and compared with neurotic patients (N = 86) who were either predominantly anxious or predominantly depressed. All patients were tested before the onset of drug treatment. Between the 14th and 15th tone of the 17 tone simple habituation series a loud ‘dishabituating’ tone was inserted.In terms of traditional measures based on response frequency, non-habituation was most frequent in the anxious patients and least frequent in the depressed patients, with schizophrenic patients being intermediate. However, in terms of response amplitude the schizophrenic patients showed significantly faster habituation than either neurotic group. This paradox seems to be a consequence of the frequency of spontaneous fluctuations which was highly related to habituation status in the schizophrenic group, but not in the neurotic groups. When habituation was defined in terms of response amplitudes falling below spontaneous fluctuation amplitudes (rather than zero) the schizophrenic group showed the lowest frequency of non-habituation.None of the groups showed any evidence of dishabituation after the loud tone, but the schizophrenics showed a significantly smaller response to the loud tone itself. Following Groves & Thompson (1970), this is interpreted as showing that the loud tone induced a greater response because of its perceived difference from the other tones rather than a sensitization effect because of its loudness. In these terms the schizophrenic patients showed greater response generalization than the neurotic patients.

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