A morpho-tectonic approach to the study of earthquakes in Rome

Rome has the world’s longest historical record of felt earthquakes, with more than 100 events during the last 2,600 years. However, no destructive earthquake has been reported in the sources and all of the greatest damage suffered in the past has been attributed to far-field events. While this fact suggests that a moderate seismotectonic regime characterizes the Rome area, no study has provided a comprehensive explanation for the lack of strong earthquakes in the region. Through the analysis of the focal mechanism and the morphostructural setting of the epicentral area of a "typical" moderate earthquake (ML = 3.3) that recently occurred in the northern urban area of Rome, we demonstrate that this event reactivated a buried segment of an ancient fault generated under both a different and a stronger tectonic regime than that which is presently active. We also show that the evident structural control over the drainage network in this area reflects an extreme degree of fragmentation of a set of buried faults generated under two competing stress fields throughout the Pleistocene. Small faults and a present-day weaker tectonic regime with respect to that acting during the Pleistocene explain the lack of strong seismicity and imply that a large earthquake could not reasonably occur.

Violence in Mexico: the politicides in Puebla from 2010-2020

This paper argues that the decision making of the political class is one of the main causes of violence and poverty, by presenting statistics that show the evolution of violence in the state of Puebla, Mexico, evidencing manifestations of violence: kidnappings, extortions and murders in the political class. The method used in the process is of a mixed type, used to collect and present statistical data and, through inferential analysis, project their future behavior, thus seeking a change in their behavior, which gives it a normative character. Among the main results, there is evidence of a rise in politicides in Puebla, normalizing violence within the population, this leads to identify a dystopia, following Lorenzo Meyer "the negative aspects of the exercise of power dominate to an extreme degree "(Meyer, 2017, p. 13). There remains for discussion the need to reinterpret the scope of violence, which, although it may reflect a sense of defense, the evidence shows the opposite. In this way, a reflection is drawn on the risks of such violence and the possibilities of turning the state apparatus into a failed one.

طرق الحماية القانونية من جرائم التعدي على العقارات والمنقولات في التشريع الجنائي السوداني دراسة تطبيقية مقارنة في ضوء أحكام الفقه الإسلامي

This research aims at Identifying methods of legal protection relevant to crimes offending real estate and property in Islamic jurisprudence and Sudan criminal law of 1991 and contemporary laws, Egyptian and Anglo Saxon. Criminal offending is defined legally and clarified in its pillars, elements and the eventual penalties in Islamic legal code addition to objective laws and its effectiveness in curbing committing such crimes which impacts to extreme degree the rights of other individuals. This research recommends necessity of obedience to all noble commands of Islam and avoids offending rights of others to deprive them of their rights, terrorize and annoying them; cooperation among individual of Muslim community is the foundation which their relationships and Muslim community should be Ideal community that sustains individual rights and security prevails.

Novel and disappearing climates in the global surface ocean from 1800 to 2100

Marine ecosystems are experiencing unprecedented warming and acidification caused by anthropogenic carbon dioxide. For the global sea surface, we quantified the degree that present climates are disappearing and novel climates (without recent analogs) are emerging, spanning from 1800 through different emission scenarios to 2100. We quantified the sea surface environment based on model estimates of carbonate chemistry and temperature. Between 1800 and 2000, no gridpoints on the ocean surface were estimated to have experienced an extreme degree of global disappearance or novelty. In other words, the majority of environmental shifts since 1800 were not novel, which is consistent with evidence that marine species have been able to track shifting environments via dispersal. However, between 2000 and 2100 under Representative Concentrations Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 projections, 10–82% of the surface ocean is estimated to experience an extreme degree of global novelty. Additionally, 35–95% of the surface ocean is estimated to experience an extreme degree of global disappearance. These upward estimates of climate novelty and disappearance are larger than those predicted for terrestrial systems. Without mitigation, many species will face rapidly disappearing or novel climates that cannot be outpaced by dispersal and may require evolutionary adaptation to keep pace.

Conclusion

Patricia Highsmith’s anti-hero Tom Ripley, who first appears in her 1955 novel The Talented Mr Ripley, is made the focal point of this concluding chapter. Among Ripley’s more obvious talents is his ability to impersonate others, this being pursued to an extreme degree as he murders, and then takes on the identity of, his friend Dickie Greenleaf. Analysing Ripley’s imposture of Dickie through the lens of performativity theory (Austin and Derrida), this chapter demonstrates why this is an apt way of reflecting upon the previous chapters of the book for three reasons. Firstly, rather than focusing solely upon identifications as constative utterances which verify a pre-existing identity, this book has interpreted them as modes which perform identities in specific ways. Secondly, these performances are deeply connected to the precise form of an identification technique but are also determined by the contexts in which techniques arise and individual identifications take place. Thirdly, the book concludes by emphasising how it is the performativity of narrative prose which is at the heart of the connections traced in the preceding pages. Literature performs identities that reflect but also project and imagine what identity is and could be: subjectivity is not represented in literature, it is constituted by its forms. In this sense, the importance of literature to this project is the fact that it is only in its realm that the truly performative nature of identificatory methods can be seen.

Graduating political crisis and violence in the discourse of history: The role of Spanish suffixes

This article offers an analysis of the Spanish derivative morphology potential for graduating attitudinal meanings regarding the expression of political crisis and of contested meanings of human rights violations in the discourse of recent Chilean History. This study is framed in the typological principles of Systemic Functional Linguistics and in the appraisal system, particularly in the sub-system of graduation. The analysis demonstrates on one hand the productive role of the suffixes -ada and -azo when graduating attitudinal meanings regarding the expression of social and political crisis in the discourse of history. These suffixes can graduate at the rank of the morpheme, word and group and also be involved in an inter-stratal tension that is functioning as an experiential grammatical metaphor that works in combination with a lexical metaphor intensifying time and events in an incongruent manner. On the other hand, the analysis shows that when dealing with traumatic and argued meanings of state terror, extreme degree suffixes -ísimo/a/s play a critical role in the intensification of qualities and in the quantification as amount and extent in a congruent manner. Spanish suffixes can graduate by sub-modification in the lower rank of a word structure instead of at the group structure contributing to the building of constellation of patterns of evoked and inscribed interpersonal meanings in the discourse.

The influence of affixes on the phonosemantic gradable picture of derivative words in V. Mayakovsky's poetic texts

In a poetic text, derivative words play an important role in solving artistic problems and creating images. The wordformation method is a set of affixes linked by paradigmatic relations that differ in productivity, distribution and additional meanings. V. Mayakovsky's texts are characterised by the productive use of neologisms, which creates their specificity and uniqueness and contributes to the realisation of certain qualitative and characterising meanings. Derivatives and word-formation devices become the means of actualising different gradable meanings: these formations are characterised by the expression of the gradable semantics of derivatives (increase/intensification,, higher/extreme degree of manifestation of a feature, process, phenomenon), contained in the gradoseme (the seme of measure and degree) of the language units under study. Affixal neologisms implement and specify quality attributes of the meanings expressed. The speaker's subjective perception of the real world is conveyed. Mayakovsky's poetic texts give the material to examine the affixal formation of nouns and adjectives in terms of its influence on the richness of speech. The research focuses on the words that allow the narrator to solve artistic and aesthetic problems and to became the basic means of creating the image. The particular expressiveness of these formations is explained by the contrast between the style and the special semantics of gradual prefixes. The objective phonosemantic picture of the words/word pairs in question reflects different relationships between sound and meaning, ranging from complete conformity to contradiction between them. The contradictions between sound and meaning in affixal structures usually lead to ironic use of derived lexemes in context. These structures perform different semantic and contextual functions.

The history of the formation of phthisiology as a science

Humanity has been familiar with tuberculosis for a long time: the confirmation of this was found during archaeological excavations and the discovery of traces of damage to the remains of people who lived more than 5 thousand years ago. Scientists associate this fact with the high prevalence of mycobacteria among animals, as well as the extreme duration of the disease and the high degree of chronicity of the process. The first descriptions of tuberculous lesions were found in the writings of Hippocrates. The most characteristic symptom of the disease, as in the present days, was considered hemoptysis, and the extreme degree of exhaustion and pulmonary bleeding was quite typical for this category of patients. This disease was initially called consumption, or phthisi. Subsequently, it gave the name to the science that studies various clinical manifestations in the tuberculosis process, their diagnosis and treatment. Today, phthisiology is a clinical discipline that studies the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis, as well as the main approaches to etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment.

Land degradation assessment for sustainable soil management

Desertification is a complex phenomenon defined as the extreme degree of land degradation induced by human activities and climatic conditions. Climate change is accelerating and widening these areas. Previews analysis and studies assessed the vulnerability to desertification in Italy at national and regional level through a methodological approach based on integrating climate, soil, vegetation, and socio-economic data (ESA). The studies carried out by ISPRA aim to provide an update of the of land degradation assessment in Italy, based on Trends.Earth methodology and of the three UN-SDGs sub-indicators on Target 15.3.1 (land use/land cover, land productivity and soil organic carbon above and below ground status and trends), together with additional dimensions of land degradation considered crucial for national land characters. Final assessment of the percentage of degraded land is around 36% of national area. This exercise demonstrates the importance to consider a larger number of data and include information on other factors, such as climate, physical, chemical data. This integrated approach to the assessment of land degradation will allow to describe also of the loss of related ecosystem services.

Cysts and cystomas of the ovary

Both the methods of objective research and the results obtained by them, with cysts and cystomas of the ovary, seem to be very different, depending on the size that the tumor has reached. Therefore, from a practical point of view, it is very convenient to divide tumors into 3 categories of their sizes: 1) cysts of small volume, still located in the pelvic cavity, 2) larger tumors, which have already left it and are located in the abdominal cavity above the entrance to the pelvis, and their size does not exceed that of a pregnant uterus of six months and, finally, 3) cysts the size of a pregnant uterus on demolitions and even larger, reaching colossal sizes, displacing and squeezing all the abdominal insides to an extreme degree.