Adrenocortical Responsiveness during Courses of Electro-convulsive Therapy

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (522) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elithorn ◽  
P. K. Bridges ◽  
J. R. Hodges ◽  
M. T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Close Similarity ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy

In a previous paper (Hodges, Jones, Elithorn and Bridges, 1964) we reported on adrenocortical activity in depressed and schizophrenic patients as revealed by plasma cortisol levels before and after electro-convulsive therapy (E.C.T.). Close similarity was found between the two groups except for three depressed patients who appeared to show considerably higher cortisol levels after the treatment than did the remaining subjects. The patients were examined at random different treatments during the whole treatment course and it appeared possible, both that the observed cortisol response to E.C.T. might depend partly on which treatment of the series in a whole course was under examination, and also that the response of the illness to therapy might be a significant factor. It was therefore decided to observe in a number of subjects the response to successive treatments throughout courses of E.C.T.

Autoantibodies reacting with vasopressin and oxytocin in relation to cortisol secretion in major depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 904-904
Author(s):  
F.D. Garcia ◽  
Q. Coquerel ◽  
E. Kiive ◽  
P. Déchelotte ◽  
J. Harro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

IntroductionAbnormal vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) signaling may contribute to the altered activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in major depression; the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain.ObjectiveThis study characterized plasma levels and affinities of OT-and VP-reactive autoantibodies (autoAbs) with relation to disease severity and plasma cortisol response to physical exercise in patients with mild and moderate depression and healthy controls.MethodsPhysical exercise was used to elicit plasma cortisol response in 23 male depressive and 20 healthy subjects. All subjects were evaluated by the MADRS. Plasma levels VP-and OT-reactive IgG, IgA and IgM autoAbs were measured by ELISA, before and after the exercise, and affinity was measured by plasmon resonance.ResultsPlasma levels of OT-and VP-reactive total IgG autoAbs were lower in patients with moderate depression vs. controls and patients with mild depression. Both OT- and VP- free IgG autoAbs levels were negatively correlated with MADRS scores. Affinity values displayed 100 fold variability in both groups. Patients with moderate depression displayed blunted response of cortisol secretion to physical exercise. Baseline levels of VP total IgG and IgM autoAbs correlated negatively and of VP free IgG autoAbs correlated positively with plasma cortisol after physical exercise.ConclusionThese data show that changes of levels but not affinity of OT- and VP- reactive autoantibodies can be associated with the altered mood in subjects with moderate depression and that levels of VP-reactive autoAbs are associated with cortisol secretion.

Platelet serotonin binding and plasma cortisol in panic disorder before and after alprazolam plus behavioral guidance treatment

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
A Tobeña ◽  
X Sanchez ◽  
J Masana ◽  
MJ Martinez de Osaba
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Platelet Serotonin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anxious State ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Normal Controls

SummaryIn 32 patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, Bmax measures of 5-HT binding in platelets did not differ from normal controls at baseline. Plasmatic cortisol levels were significantly higher than controls in the morning and in the evening measures as well as in post-dexamethasone assays. Following an 8-week treatment period with alprazolam plus behavioral guidance encouraging exposure, Bmax values did not alter but cortisol measures diminished significantly. Measures of phobic avoidance were negatively correlated with 5-HT Bmax values. Plasmatic cortisol correlated positively with the number of situational panic attacks in the month before treatment. There were no correlations between cortisol and 5-HT Bmax measures. A possible link between serotonin function and phobic avoidance is discussed. Cortisol changes were interpreted as being related to the global severity of the anxious state.

Effects of neuroleptic treatment on cortisol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyl glycol levels in blood

1995 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Wik
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Neuroleptic Drug ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neuroleptic Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Abstract Plasma cortisol and serum 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyl glycol (MHPG) were determined before and after 5–6 weeks of neuroleptic treatment in patients with schizophrenia. Following drug treatment both plasma cortisol and serum MHPG levels in patients decreased and plasma cortisol levels were also lower than in unmedicated healthy controls. Indications of a relationship between the reduction of cortisol and MHPG levels were found. The data show that neuroleptic drug treatment inhibits cortisol secretion. It is speculated that this inhibition could be related to reduced noradrenergic activity. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 425–429

The Effect of Electro-Convulsive Therapy on Spinal Fluid Constituents

1960 ◽  
Vol 106 (443) ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Eiduson ◽  
Norman Q. Brill ◽  
Evelyn Crumpton
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Cerebral Spinal Fluid ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy

During the course of an investigation of the effectiveness of various components of electric convulsive therapy in the treatment of hospitalized psychiatric patients (Brill et al., 1957, 1959) observations were made on the spinal fluid concentrations of cations and total protein before and after treatment. The possibility existed that alterations in brain function and structure (which are believed by many to occur during a course of electro-convulsive treatment, and to be responsible for improvement in patients receiving such treatment) might be associated with, or reflected by measurable changes in the cerebral spinal fluid.

A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF STEROID EXCRETION IN DEPRESSED PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER ELECTRO-CONVULSIVE THERAPY

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Ferguson ◽  
A. C. G. Bartram ◽  
H. C. Fowlie ◽  
D. M. Cathro ◽  
K. Birchall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy

ABSTRACT Using a method dependent upon paper chromatography, the urinary excretion of the individual corticosteroids and the individual 17-oxosteroids has been studied before and after electro-convulsive therapy in five female patients suffering from a depressive illness. The corticosteroids, which are normally associated with stress, were found to show a fall in excretion from abnormally high levels before treatment to normal levels thereafter. The 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroids, on the other hand, showed a low level of excretion prior to treatment which was followed by a rise to normal values in clinical remission. These findings are discussed.

Comparison of laparoscopic and transcervical insemination with frozen semen in Sarda dairy ewes

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cappai ◽  
S. R. Sanna ◽  
A. Branca ◽  
A. Fraghì ◽  
G. Bomboi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Breeding Scheme ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Natural Mating ◽  
Suitable Technique ◽  
Body Condition Scores

AbstractLaparoscopic insemination with frozen-thawed semen is currently used for planned matings in the Sarda breeding programme. In order to find a fast and less intrusive artificial insemination (AI) method that could replace laparoscopic insemination, a field comparison of laparoscopic and transcervical techniques was carried out on 200 mature Sarda ewes. After AI, ewes were assigned to teaser and fertile rams for 2 months. Return rates and cumulative (AI + natural mating) lambing rates were recorded over three subsequent 23-day periods. Lambing rates to AI were significantly different (P < 0·01), and were 62% and 7% respectively for laparoscopic and transcervical AI. Cumulative lambing rates after two further 23-day periods of natural mating were no longer significantly different (P > 0·05) and reached 82% and 74% respectively. Ewes with body condition scores at AI higher than 2·75 showed better overall reproductive performance, but not higher pregnancy rate to AI. Plasma cortisol concentrations, sampled twice, before and after AI, were higher (P < 0·01) in the last sample, suggesting a stress response to insemination. Cortisol levels after AI were lower (P < 0·01) for ewes submitted to transcervical rather than laparoscopic insemination (P < 0·01). However, cortisol levels after AI were no greater than those recorded when ewes were restrained in a milking yoke different from that usually employed. Laparoscopic AI was confirmed as the most suitable technique for insemination offrozen semen in the Sarda breeding scheme.

Intravenous Tranquillization with ECT

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Gomez ◽  
Peter Dally
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Retrograde Memory ◽  
High Level ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy

SummaryForty depressed in-patients for whom electro-convulsive therapy had been prescribed were rated before treatment on depression and anxiety scales. Side effects, post-operative agitation and retrograde memory impairment were assessed in each patient after each of several treatments. Results were compared when no tranquillizer was given and when either diazepam or haloperidol was administered intravenously immediately before the anaesthetic. It was found than when ECT was given without tranquillization, the incidence and severity of post-operative agitation and of side effects were significantly greater in those patients with a high level of anxiety before treatment. Both diazepam and haloperidol were found to be effective in subduing agitation and side effects in anxious, depressed patients, but with diazepam recovery time was longer.

Palmar Digital Sweating in Women Suffering from Depression

1966 ◽  
Vol 112 (493) ◽  
pp. 1251-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Bagg ◽  
T. G. Crookes
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Main Trial ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Preliminary Trial ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Electro Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Active Sweat Glands

This investigation began as an attempt to measure the anxiety shown by patients while awaiting electro-convulsive therapy. One measure used was an assessment of the degree of palmar digital sweating, using the plastic paint technique described by MacKinnon (1963). This is a method by which the number of active sweat glands in a given area at a given time can be counted. In a preliminary trial, the effect on sweating of waiting for E.C.T. was equivocal, but there seemed to be an increase in sweating in depressed patients as their clinical condition improved. In the main trial, therefore, the emphasis was placed on differences in sweating of depressed patients when ill and recovered, though the reading in the E.C.T. waiting-room was retained.

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