Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Children and Adolescents: Current Treatment Strategies

Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has improved in recent years and several new therapeutic options have been approved. Most of them include mutation-specific approaches (e.g., gilteritinib for AML patients with activating FLT3 mutations), or are restricted to such defined AML subgroups, such as AML-MRC (AML with myeloid-related changes) or therapy-related AML (CPX-351). With this review, we aim to present a comprehensive overview of current AML therapy according to the evolved spectrum of recently approved treatment strategies. We address several aspects of combined epigenetic therapy with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax and provide insight into mechanisms of resistance towards venetoclax-based regimens, and how primary or secondary resistance might be circumvented. Furthermore, a detailed overview on the current status of AML immunotherapy, describing promising concepts, is provided. This review focuses on clinically important aspects of current and future concepts of AML treatment, but will also present the molecular background of distinct targeted therapies, to understand the development and challenges of clinical trials ongoing in AML patients.

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Hematologic Abnormalities and Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Children and Adolescents Administered Intensified Chemotherapy for the Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology ◽

10.1097/00043426-200007000-00008 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 321-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo ◽

Catherine A. Poquette ◽

Neyssa M. Marina ◽

David R. Head ◽

Alvida Cain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Ewing Sarcoma ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Intensified Chemotherapy ◽

Leukemia In Children ◽

Acute Myeloid

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Clinical Applications of MicroRNAs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Mini-Review

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.679022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Bhavana Bhatnagar ◽

Ramiro Garzon

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Medical Decision ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Acute Myeloid

MicroRNAs (miRs) are short non-coding RNAs, typically 18-25 nucleotides in length, that are critically important, through their direct effects on target mRNAs, in a variety of cellular processes including cell differentiation, proliferation and survival. Dysregulated miR expression has been identified in numerous cancer types including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). From a clinical standpoint, several miRs have been shown to associate with prognosis in AML patients. Furthermore, they also carry the potential to be used as biomarkers and to inform medical decision making. In addition, several preclinical studies have provided strong rationale to develop novel therapeutic strategies to target miRs in AML. This review will focus on potential clinical applications of miRs in adult AML and will discuss unique miR signatures in specific AML subtypes, their role in prognostication and response to therapy, as well as miRs that are promising therapeutic targets and ongoing clinical trials directed towards targeting clinically relevant miRs in AML that could allow for improvements in current treatment strategies.

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Novel Approaches to the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Hematology ◽

10.1182/asheducation-2011.1.43 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 (1) ◽

pp. 43-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Gail J. Roboz

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

The United States ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Treatment Standards ◽

Acute Myeloid

Abstract Approximately 12 000 adults are diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the United States annually, the majority of whom die from their disease. The mainstay of initial treatment, cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) combined with an anthracycline, was developed nearly 40 years ago and remains the worldwide standard of care. Advances in genomics technologies have identified AML as a genetically heterogeneous disease, and many patients can now be categorized into clinicopathologic subgroups on the basis of their underlying molecular genetic defects. It is hoped that enhanced specificity of diagnostic classification will result in more effective application of targeted agents and the ability to create individualized treatment strategies. This review describes the current treatment standards for induction, consolidation, and stem cell transplantation; special considerations in the management of older AML patients; novel agents; emerging data on the detection and management of minimal residual disease (MRD); and strategies to improve the design and implementation of AML clinical trials.

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