MULTINATIONALS, THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE WTO: ISSUES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES SECTOR AND IN CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION

Author(s):  
Thomas L Brewer
Author(s):  
Tomonori Sudo

Africa’s environmental capital is an asset for African people. However, Africa’s ecological footprint is increasing and is close to exceeding the continent’s biocapacity. Therefore, shifting to “green growth” is an option to achieve sustainable development, and Africa is well placed to generate benefits from existing environmental capital and latecomer’s advantage. One challenge is how to realize the conversion of environmental capital value into economic value. The valuation of environmental goods and services is a challenge. However, Africa faces the risk of global environmental problems, such as climate change. Even though Africa’s greenhouse gas emissions are limited compared to developed countries and emerging economies, climate change may have a more severe impact. Although the scale and impact of climate change is uncertain, it will lead to the loss of accumulated developmental benefit for Africa. This issue has been long debated, but no best solution has been identified, so further studies are necessary.


Author(s):  
Elzbieta Broniewicz

The main objective of the following paper is to present the Environmental Goods and Services Sector (EGSS) in European Union countries. The Environmental Goods and Services Sector is one of the modules of environmental economic accounts, as satellite accounts in relation to national accounts. The first part of the paper gives an overiew of EGSS definitions and classifications. In second part, the comparison between the EGSS variables in certain EU countries was made. The output, export and employment of the Environmental Goods and Services System were analyzed. The data is presented by environmental protection domains and natural resources managements domains, as well as by economic activity.


Author(s):  
Prince Sarpong

Discussions on the impact of climate change within the financial services sector have mainly focused on institutional investors. Talk of climate change is all but ignored in financial planning. Financial planning, however, has a profound impact on society and can play a major role in climate change mitigation. Climate change poses an overarching challenge to financial planning and how individuals plan for their long-term goals. The financial services sector which provides the financial instruments for financial planning faces deep uncertainty, which threatens the stability of the sector. The environmental impact of climate change poses an additional risk on health outcomes for individuals. This chapter presents a review of disparate literature to position the risk of climate change as deep risk which has significant implications for financial planning. The chapter outlines how financial planners can prepare themselves and their clients for climate risks while contributing to climate change mitigation as well.


2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen F. Irish

AbstractIn current negotiations on both climate change and international trade, there is debate over the obligations of developing countries. The author argues that whatever the outcome of those general discussions, special status must be carefully retained for the protection of the least-developed countries in the intersection of trade and climate change policies. The paper examines the position of LDCs on three trade-related topics: environmental goods and services, border adjustments, GSP tariff preferences.


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