Cocaine impairs follicular phase pulsatile gonadotropin secretion in rhesus monkeys

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93A-93A
Author(s):  
E CHEN ◽  
M LUTHER ◽  
A MORENO ◽  
T KING ◽  
R SCHENKEN
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion

Cocaine Impairs Follicular Phase Pulsatile Gonadotropin Secretion in Rhesus Monkeys

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen C. Chen ◽  
Mary H. Samuels ◽  
Michael F. Luther ◽  
Thomas S. King ◽  
Carlton A. Eddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion

scholarly journals The effects of prolonged œstriol administration upon the sex skin of macaca mulatta

1935 ◽  
Vol 117 (802) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Bonnet Monkey ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sex Skin ◽  
Male Rhesus

The work of Collings (1926), Allen (1927, 1928), Morrell (1930), and Parkes and Zuckerman (1931) on rhesus monkeys has established the fact that the brilliant coloration of the skin about the genitalia and the face, loosely referred to as the sex skin, and seen in both the female and male of this species, can be called forth by the administration of œstrous-producing hormone. Parkes and Zuckerman could not produce it in the case of one castrate male rhesus and a castrate female bonnet monkey. M. radiata , but they obtained in an ovariectomized baboon the full swelling seen during the follicular phase, and Dohrn, Hohlweg and Schoeller (1932, 1933) working with both male and female baboons and employing crystalline “ progynon,” were uniformly successful in eliciting a reaction, which in the male specimens of this species consisted of a remarkable œdema of the genitalia. In the present paper we should like to report our own experiments concerning this particular skin reaction to œstriol. Material and Technique Eight macaques, including one immature and four adolescent animals, were studied. Of the total, five were normal animals, four of these being males. The remaining three comprised one castrate male and two hypophysectomized-castrate females.

scholarly journals Cortisol Reduces Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Frequency in Follicular Phase Ewes: Influence of Ovarian Steroids

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Oakley ◽  
Kellie M. Breen ◽  
Iain J. Clarke ◽  
Fred J. Karsch ◽  
Elizabeth R. Wagenmaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gonadal Steroid ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Ovarian Steroids ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity ◽  
Cortisol Increase

Stress-like elevations in plasma glucocorticoids suppress gonadotropin secretion and can disrupt ovarian cyclicity. In sheep, cortisol acts at the pituitary to reduce responsiveness to GnRH but does not affect GnRH pulse frequency in the absence of ovarian hormones. However, in ewes during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle, cortisol reduces LH pulse frequency. To test the hypothesis that cortisol reduces GnRH pulse frequency in the presence of ovarian steroids, the effect of cortisol on GnRH secretion was monitored directly in pituitary portal blood of follicular phase sheep in the presence and absence of a cortisol treatment that elevated plasma cortisol to a level observed during stress. An acute (6 h) cortisol increase in the midfollicular phase did not lower GnRH pulse frequency. However, a more prolonged (27 h) increase in cortisol beginning just before the decrease in progesterone reduced GnRH pulse frequency by 45% and delayed the preovulatory LH surge by 10 h. To determine whether the gonadal steroid milieu of the follicular phase enables cortisol to reduce GnRH pulse frequency, GnRH was monitored in ovariectomized ewes treated with estradiol and progesterone to create an artificial follicular phase. A sustained increment in plasma cortisol reduced GnRH pulse frequency by 70% in this artificial follicular phase, in contrast to the lack of an effect in untreated ovariectomized ewes as seen previously. Thus, a sustained stress-like level of cortisol suppresses GnRH pulse frequency in follicular phase ewes, and this appears to be dependent upon the presence of ovarian steroids. A sustained stress-like level of cortisol reduces GnRH pulse frequency in the follicular phase and appears to require the presence of ovarian steroids.

PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTRONE, OESTRADIOL-17β AND PROGESTERONE DURING OVULATORY MENSTRUAL CYCLES IN THE RHESUS MONKEY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ONSET OF MENSTRUATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. K. Bosu ◽  
Elof D. B. Johansson ◽  
Carl Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT The levels of oestrone (E1)*, oestradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P) were determined simultaneously by radioimmunoassay in serial peripheral plasma samples from 11 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during ovulatory menstrual cycles. In 3 other monkeys luteectomy was performed on day 20 or 21 of the menstrual cycle. The mean plasma levels of oestradiol-17β predominated over the mean E1 during the follicular phase, but during the luteal phase the E1 and E2 patterns varied widely. Before menstruation, increased or unchanged levels of E1 and E2 were mostly found. The decrease found in a few monkeys never reached the low levels found during the days after the midcycle peak. The plasma levels of progesterone increased from less than 0.2 ng/ml during the follicular phase to maximal values within 3 to 4 days after the midcycle peak of oestradiol-17β. The plasma levels of progesterone decreased to less than 1 ng/ml and remained low for 3 to 5 days before menstruation. In the luteectomized monkeys the plasma levels of P, E1 and E2 fell dramatically within 24 h and vaginal bleeding was detected within 72 h post-operatively. In 2 of the 3 luteectomized monkeys the levels of E1 and E2 increased before the bleeding. The ratio of oestrogens (oestradiol-17β and oestrone) over progesterone changed markedly in favour of the oestrogens during the pre-menstrual period. It is concluded that the patterns of progesterone and oestrogens are divergent during the luteal phase. The maximal levels of progesterone are reached early while the maximal levels of oestrogens are reached later during the luteal phase.

Inhibition of folliculogenesis in the monkey following early follicular phase administration of an LRH agonist

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilks
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment

Abstract. This study was undertaken to determine if early follicular phase administration of a synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LRH) agonist would produce luteal phase defects in the monkey. (D-His-(im-Bzl)6,Pro9]LRH n-ethylamide was administered to groups of rhesus monkeys on days 1–3 of the menstrual cycle. Two responses were observed: a) anovulatory menstrual cycles of less than 14 days duration, and b) ovulatory menstrual cycles characterized by unusually long follicular phases. All 4 monkeys with shortened menstrual cycles had prominent increases in serum gonadotrophin and oestradiol concentrations during treatment with the LRH agonist; early menses in these animals was attributed to uterine bleeding upon oestrogen withdrawal. Serum FSH concentrations declined, serum LH concentrations were unaltered, and only 2 of 8 monkeys had elevations in serum oestradiol during ovulatory menstrual cycles. The mean interval from cessation of treatment with the LRH agonist to the next preovulatory gonadotrophin surge was 21.5 ± 3.2 days in ovulatory menstrual cycles. Corpus luteum function was normal following treatment with the LRH agonist in ovulatory cycles. The results indicate that both the long and short menstrual cycles observed following early follicular phase administration of the LRH agonist to monkeys can be attributed to a profound inhibition in follicle recruitment. [D-His(im-Bzl)6,Pro9]LRH n-ethylamide did not alter corpus luteum function in the monkey.

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