Eustratius of Nicaea and the Nicomachean Ethics in Twelfth-century Constantinople: Literary Criticism, Patronage and the Construction of the Byzantine Commentary Tradition

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-211
Author(s):  
Michele Trizio
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Commentary Tradition

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Justin A. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Commentary Tradition

The conclusion suggests that Virgil’s importance was greater in the twelfth century than previously thought. Dante was not the first to “resuscitate” Virgilianism after the Carolingian period, as is often claimed, nor were Renaissance authors the first—another thing sometimes claimed. Furthermore, the importance of the Virgilian commentary tradition in shaping these epics suggests an alternative origin for the Platonism that has previously been detected in the poetry of this period. Winthrop Wetherbee had argued in Platonism and Poetry that the reason for such Platonism in the poetry of the twelfth century was due to the so-called Chartrian interest in Calcidius’s translation of the Timaeus. The research presented in this book suggests that nearly all of such Platonism detected by Wetherbee—especially the Platonic ascent of the soul to the creator—can be explained through commentary on the Aeneid without direct recourse to the Timaeus.

‘The Restful Place’

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Chris Stamatakis
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Lyric Poetry ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Commentary Tradition ◽  
Poetic Composition

Addressing the apparent absence of vernacular literary criticism in early Tudor culture, this chapter argues that a nascent poetics lies within the period’s lyric poetry itself. The critical lexicon that laces this lyric poetry shows poets beginning to theorize literature in spatial, geometric, or formal terms. Recalling the place logic of Henrician pedagogy and the blurring of boundaries between poetic invention and critical judgement, the poetry of Wyatt, Surrey, and their early Tudor acolytes ventures a rudimentary theory of poetic composition as the constraining of memory into form. Responding to the Italian commentary tradition that locates Petrarch’s poems in allusive relation to other poems, early Tudor lyric gestures to an intertextual model of how to read texts in a network of remembered literary ‘places’. As imitation fuses into commentary, external places of criticism are constrained internally within Henrician poetry itself.

Shame and Virtue in Aristotle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Virtuous Person ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Alexander Of Aphrodisias ◽  
Eudemian Ethics ◽  
Sense Of Shame ◽  
Commentary Tradition

In Nicomachean Ethics 4. 9 Aristotle gives two arguments for why aidōs, or a sense of shame, is not a virtue. The chapter has puzzled readers: both arguments seem to conflict with things he says elsewhere in the NE, and neither is persuasive in its own right. This paper reconstructs Aristotle’s position on aidōs by drawing on the ancient commentary tradition, relevant passages from the Eudemian Ethics, and the analysis of ‘civic’ courage in NE 3. 8. It is shown that Aristotle has stronger reasons for denying that aidōs is a virtue than at first appears, given his distinction between acting from the fear of disrepute and acting for the sake of the fine. The paper concludes by arguing that his view is nevertheless untenable, since it ignores the fact that even a virtuous person can be subject to disrepute. This criticism stems from Alexander of Aphrodisias’ commentary in Ethical Problems 21.

scholarly journals The Actualization of Characters and References in The Classic Arabic Literature Criticism

Jurnal CMES ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Yusuf Haikal
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
Fourth Book ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

<p>This study aims to give an overview, review and actualize referral sources in the literary criticism of classical Arabic along with the figures from the source of the referral, which is expected to help and enrich the knowledge and insight for learners criticism in Arabic literature. The method used is descriptive qualitative and the study of literature. Through this method the data and studies taken from various sources of literature are then described and presented in the form of words based on the focus of the book which became the main reference. From the discussion, it could be concluded that the scientific and the development of criticism in Arabic Literature in the classical, more precisely between the eighth century to the twelfth century, is the golden period of development in the scientific criticism in Arabic literature. Moreover, the four centuries was also born to a wide variety of artwork and writing a review or even find a theory and new things related to literary criticism. There are at least four books is the source of the referral (mashdar) literary criticism of classical Arabic that can be actualized and utilized as well as made the object of research to the development of scientific criticism in Arabic literature at the present time. The fourth book is Thabaqāt Fuchūlus-Syu'arā’, al-muwāzanah, al-badi’, and dalā'ilul i'jāz. The fourth book, and its author, is also a testament to the greatness of the development of criticism in Arabic literature in the classic, and has represented a wide range of novelty born of the development of scientific criticism in Arabic literature.</p>

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