A SYNTACTICAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF METAPHORS IN THE TRANSLATION OF LAYLA MAJNUN'S ROMANCE IN 2002

<p>The purpose of this study is to describe the syntactic structure in the metaphors in Layla Majnun's translation of the novel. The data was obtained from the novel Layla Majnun published by Navila through listening with simak bebas libat cakap technique. Data analysis was padan using pilah unsur tertentu method, namely by sorting certain elements using referential sorting. The results showed that the metaphorical structure in Layla Majnun's novel was dominated by phrases and clauses. Images in the structure of phrases and clauses are displayed through the categories of nouns and verbs. The form of the verb in the clause is found in the form of action verbs, events and circumstances. The variety of these forms proves that the metaphorical structure is consistent in constructing its construction to form a concrete meaning that is easily understood by the reader.</p>

DEIXIS USE IN “AL-QALB AL-JARȊH” SHORT STORY BY NAJIB KAILANI (A PRAGMATIC STUDY)

<p>This study describe the types of deixis and their functions contained in the short story <em>al-Qalb al-Jarȋh </em>by Najib Kailani. Through deixis, readers or listeners will be helped to know who, when, and where an utterance is carried out based on its context. In this study, the method used is descriptive-qualitative with a pragmatic approach. The object of the research is the short story al-Qalb al-Jarȋh, while the research data in the form of words, phrases, and sentences identified contain elements of deixis. The results of the study prove that the short story of al-Qalb al-Jarȋh by Najib Kailani contains various elements of deixis, including: person deixis, time deixis, place deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis.</p>

THE ROLE OF PRESIDENT ABDEL FATTAH AL-SISI'S GOVERNMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EGYPT'S POST-REVOLUTIONARY ECONOMIC REFORMS IN 2011

<pre style="text-align: justify; background: #F8F9FA;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" lang="IN">After the revolution in 2011, Egypt has experienced various conditions of instability in various fields, especially the economy and politics. <span class="y2iqfc">The government of Mohammed Morsi, which was previously expected improve the Egyptian economy, actually exacerbated the situation. The Egyptian people staged various protests and other forms of protest in order for the government to immediately improve the situation. However, the government failed to carry out conflict management so the military carried out a coup. Morsi's position was later replaced by Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi. Al-Sisi's background as a military figure led to repressive policies being implemented. During Al-Sisi's reign, there was a significant increase in the Egyptian economy. The purpose of this research is to identify the role of President Al-Sisi's government for the development of economic reform in Egypt after the 2011 Revolution. This research use</span></span><span class="y2iqfc"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="EN-US">d</span></span><span class="y2iqfc"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="IN">a qualitative approach with an exploratory type of research, and refers to the theory of liberalism and the rational actor model. The results of this research indicate that President Al-Sisi's policies have a positive impact on the development of the Egyptian economy as indicated by an increase in Egypt's Gross Domestic Product, a decrease in inflation rates, and poverty.</span></span></pre>

CODE MIXING AND CODE SWITCHING PHENOMENON IN AḤBABTUKA AKŚARA MIN MĀ YANBAGĪ NOVEL: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY

<p><span lang="EN-US">This paper will describe the phenomenon of code mixing and code switching in <em>Aḥbabtuka Akśara <a name="_Hlk89780555"></a>Min Mā Yanbagī'</em>s novel based on sociolinguistic studies. The phenomenon of code mixing and code switching in this novel is worth further investigation because the novel makes extensive use of code mixing and code switching.. In addition, code mixing and code switching in <em>Aḥbabtuka Akśara Min Mā Yanbagī's </em>novel has not been discussed by other researchers. Based on the research that has been done, it is concluded that the code mixing in the novel <em>Aḥbabtuka Akśara Min Mā Yanbagī </em>is in the form of words and phrases. The form of code-mixing found is code-mixing of English words and phrases. The most widely used code switching is internal code switching and external code switching. Internal code switching occurs from <em>Fuṣḥā </em>Arabic to <em>Amiyah</em> Arabic and back to <em>Fuṣḥā </em>Arabic. In addition, external code switching occurs from Arabic <em>Fuṣḥā</em> to English and back again to Arabic <em>Fuṣḥā</em>. The factors that cause code mixing in <em>Aḥbabtuka Akśara Min Mā Yanbagī</em>'s novel (2014) by Aṡīr 'Abdullāh are (a) bringing up humor, (b) appreciation for the interlocutor, (c) petition to the interlocutor, and (d) annoyance. The factors that cause code switching are (a) the attitude of the speaker, and (b) the expression of the speaker's solidarity with the group.</span></p>

THE IMPORTANCE OF MEANING IN ARABIC TEXTBOOK TRANSLATION

<pre><a name="_Hlk89781071"></a><span class="y2iqfc"><span lang="EN-US">The translation process includes transferring the source language into the target language with the intention of knowing the meaning. When meaning is expressed to the reader, then all information, insight, and knowledge can also be understood. As in textbooks, knowledge conveyed through texts in it of course have references from foreign languages, including Arabic. Therefore, in this article there are several objectives; (1) becoming one of the references for writers and translators in understanding the importance of the translation process to find out the meaning of writing textbooks, (2) helping students and students learn to understand science through printed books. In particular, the discussion in this article is focused on understanding, strategies and the urgency of meaning in Arabic translation which is applied to writing lesson texts. This article uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data obtained are sourced from observations, findings, and literature reviews from various sources. The results of the analysis of this article are in the form of emphasizing the importance of the translation process as language transfer and messages from the source text which includes the source language into the target text which includes the target language. The translation process must refer to the understanding of both languages, and involve the sensitivity and feelings of the translator. This translation strengthens the position of language and cultural differences that are no longer a barrier in the development of science. Thus, by using a good and correct translation process, the meaning of textbooks can be fully grasped</span></span></pre>

THE CONCEPT OF THE IDEAL LEADER IN NAJIB KAILANI'S NOVEL AN-NIDĀUL KHĀLID: MICHAEL RIFFATERRE'S SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS

<p>A leader is someone who is elected by the community for the common good. The concept of a leader includes not only those who hold positions in the government system, but also religious leaders.. This study aims to describe the ideal leader in Najib Kailani's <em>An-Nida@ul Kha@lid</em> novel by using Michael Riffaterre's semiotics as an analytical tool. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis by describing the data in accordance with what it is then followed by analysis. The data collection technique is using listening and note-taking techniques. The results of this study state that the concept of an ideal leader must comply with three things, namely: 1) The leader must be wise making decisions, 2) the leader must defend the interests and unite the people, and 3) the leader must accommodate the aspirations of the people. While, the matrix in the text is the concept of an ideal leader who has a model of nurturing and embracing the community, and a variant in the form of a text related to ideal leadership. The potential hypogram found in the text is the same as the matrix, namely the concept of an ideal leader, while the actual hypogram, departs from the true story experienced by the author, where he grew and developed along with the outbreak of World War II, then in 1958-19865 went in and out of prison, and In 1982, the novel An-Nidaul Khalid was published.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Ideal Leader Concept, Semiotic, Riffaterre, Novel, Najib Kailani<em></em></p><p><em> </em></p>

YEMEN'S POST-ARAB SPRING CONFLICT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ECONOMY, POLITICS, AND SAUDI ARABIA'S INFLUENCE IN THE MIDDLE EAST

<p align="center">The ongoing war between the Saudi Arabian coalition and the Houthis has had a significant impact. The participation of Saudi Arabia and its coalition in the middle of the Yemen conflict has a pretext to save the democratically elected official government; however, some argue that Saudi Arabia's participation is more of a sectarian issue. The conflict that is still raging in Yemen at this time is considered very interesting to conduct research, in order to find the true background of the participation of Saudi Arabia and its coalition. Is it true that Saudi Arabia's participation was motivated by a desire to save the official government deposed by the Houthis, or is there another motive at work that is in the best interests of Saudi Arabia and its coalition, such as economic, political, or ideological influence?. In this article the researcher uses a qualitative descriptive methodology, qualitative descriptive research in this study will be carried out with several stages including raising a problem, raising research questions, collecting relevant data, analyzing data, and answering research questions. In the investigation, it was found that Saudi Arabia's participation in the Yemeni conflict was inseparable from political, influence and economic interests. Because of the reality that occurred from Saudi Arabia's contradictory attitude toward the Syrian conflict.</p>

IRAN-US RELATIONS AFTER THE DEATH OF QASSEM SOLEIMANI

<p>Iran-United States relations have up and down. Some sharp diplomatic statements made by the US president, Donald Trump, as well as the president of Iran, Ayatullah Khomeini. In fact, the sanctions that must be accepted by the US against Iran are embargo sanctions. This article aims to analyze how the future relations between Iran and the United States. Cooperation between the two countries has a history that dates back to the Cold War. Relations between these two countries based on a variety of interests, including economic, political, military, ideological, and security considerations . The theory used in this research is balance of power theory. The US has major interest in the Middle East and Iran is a rival of the US in achieving that interest. Nevertheless, many US foreign policies are caused tension between the two countries. Conversely, Iran has considerable economic importance, but the role of the Iran government elite also has a significant influence in the determination of their foreign policy. The findings in this study, despite challenges and complicated processes, the US and Iran are eternal rivals in the fusion of power and political influence in the Middle East, and relations between both will continue to fluctuate . </p>

THE RHETORIC OF THE UAE'S MIDDLE EAST CIVILIZATION ADVANCEMENT TO THE SURROUNDING NATURAL ECOSYSTEM

<p align="center">The Middle East is side by side with western countries competing in optimal utilization in processing the resources provided by the earth. Clean water is an absolute source of life that humans need. In addition, the technology and wealth of a country are the benchmarks for supporting the achievement of a country's goals. The use of manipulated nature to meet the needs of clean water is the idea of one of the developed countries in the Middle East, namely the United Arab Emirates. The United Arab Emirates, which is rich in natural wealth and abundant wealth, accompanied by advances in mindset and technology that is never separated from commemorating its culture, makes them think more deeply than other countries with their wealth of clean water. The sowing of salt in the atmosphere along with desalination/filtration of seawater into ready-to-consume water is an action taken by the Emirate to meet the needs of its people. Changes in natural ecosystems that were originally arid to become barren and green are almost impossible actions but have been successfully carried out and implemented by developed countries in the Middle East. Then the question arises about whether changing the shape and manipulating nature that should be as usual in this ecosystem will have an impact or benefit the general public.</p>

Cultural Acculturation of Yemeni Zapin Dance and Malay Dance in Malaysia As A Means of Islmic Teaching

<p>This research was conducted to explain the cultural acculturation of the Yemeni and Malay zapin dance as a means of da'wah Islamiyah in Malaysia. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. In this research, literature study was also carried out as a data collection method. There is a theory in this research, namely the theory of cultural diffusion and from the point of view of a historical approach. The aim of this research is to reveal the acculturation elements of the Yemeni and Malay zapin dance. Then describe the Islamic da'wah function and the value between the two parties behind the zapin dance. The results that can be concluded from the acculturation of the Yemeni zapin dances and the Malay dances in Malaysia are producing all kinds of changes including the elements of dancers, musical instruments, movements, and the lyrics or songs used in these dances.</p>