The Literary, Cultural And Political Context For The Twelfth-Century Commentary On The Nicomachean Ethics

2009 ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics

Khorasan, the Birthplace of Post-Classical Philosophy, a Land in Decline?

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-76
Author(s):  
Frank Griffel
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Political History ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classical Philosophy

Post-classical philosophy in Islam developed during the sixth/twelfth century in the eastern Islamic lands, in Iraq, Iran, and what is today Central Asia. Tracing the conditions and circumstances of its development requires an understanding of the political context, the patterns of patronage, and institutions of higher education and of research during this era. This chapter offers an introduction to the political history of the sixth/twelfth century with a focus on the courts that offered patronage to philosophers, and it analyzes the proliferation of madrasas during this era and their role for higher education and research.

The Scottish Common Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R C Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Common

Twelfth-century Scottish monarchs laid the foundations of the medieval Scottish common law. This chapter begins by exploring the political context from which that common law emerged. It then considers the various legal tools, courts, and procedures that were created by twelfth- and early thirteenth-century monarchs to deliver royal justice. Subsequently the chapter explores how later monarchs adapted the institutions laid down by their predecessors to develop the common law of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries. Particular reference is made to the brieves, many of which were inspired in their content by near-contemporary English writs. The extent to which these ‘brieves’ furnished litigants with truly ‘common’ mechanisms for the enforcement of claims across the Scottish kingdom is currently debated, as is explained in this chapter. Finally, brief reference is made to the transformation of the common law in light of Romano-canonical learning during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

Utopia’s Moorish Inspiration: Thomas More’s Reading of Ibn Ṭufayl

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Regnier
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Latin Translation ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Philosophical Novel ◽  
Ibn Tufayl

A promising but neglected precedent for Thomas More’s Utopia is to be found in Ibn Ṭufayl’s Ibn Ḥayy Yaqẓān. This twelfth-century Andalusian philosophical novel describing the self-education and enlightenment of a feral child on an island, while certainly a precedent for the European Bildungsroman, also arguably qualifies as a utopian text. It is possible that More had access to Pico de la Mirandola’s Latin translation of Ibn Ḥayy Yaqẓān. This study consists of a review of historical and philological evidence that More may have read Ibn Ḥayy Yaqẓān and a comparative reading of More’s and Ṭufayl’s two famous works. I argue that there are good reasons to see in Ibn Ḥayy Yaqẓān a source for More’s Utopia and that in certain respects we can read More’s Utopia as a response to Ṭufayl’s novel. L’Ibn Ḥayy Yaqẓān d’Ibn Ṭufayl consiste en un précédent incontournable mais négligé à l’Utopie de More. Ce récit philosophique andalou du douzième siècle décrivant l’auto-formation et l’éveil d’un enfant sauvage sur une île peut être considéré comme un texte utopique, bien qu’il soit certainement un précédent pour le Bildungsroman européen. Thomas More pourrait avoir lu l’Ibn Ḥayy Yaqẓān, puisqu’il a pu avoir accès à la traduction latine qu’en a fait Pic de la Miradolle. Cette étude examine les données historiques et philologiques permettant de poser que More a probablement lu cet ouvrage, et propose une lecture comparée de l’Ibn Ḥayy Yaqẓān et de l’Utopie de More. On y avance qu’il y a non seulement de bonnes raisons de considérer l’Ibn Ḥayy Yaqẓān d’Ibn Ṭufayl comme une source de l’Utopie de More, mais qu’il est aussi possible à certains égards de lire l’Utopie comme une réponse à l’Ibn Ḥayy Yaqẓān.

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