<p class="abstract">The long standing major issue in physics has been the inability to unify the two main theories of quantum electro-dynamics (QED) and the general theory of relativity (GTR), both of which are well proven and cannot accommodate significant change. The problem is resolved by combining the precepts of GTR and QED in a conceptual model describing the electron as electromagnetic (EM) energy localized in relativistic quantum loops near an event horizon. EM energy is localized by propagating in highly curved space-time of closed geometry, the local metric index increases, and the energy is thus relativistic to the observer at velocity v < c, with the curved space-time thereby evidencing gravity. The presence of gravity leads to the observer notion of mass. Particle energy is in dynamic equilibrium with relativistic loop circumferential metric strain at the strong force scale opposed by radial metric strain. The resulting particle is a quantum black hole with the circumferential strong force in the curved metric orthogonal in two dimensions to all particle radials. The presence of energy E is thus evident in observer space reduced by c<sup>2</sup> to E/c<sup>2</sup> = mass. The circumferential strain diminishes as it extends into the surrounding metric as the particle’s gravitational field. The radial strain projects outward into observer space and is therein evident as electric field. Gravity, unit charge, and their associated fields are emergent properties and Strong and electric forces are equal within the particle, quantizing gravity and satisfying the Planck scale criteria of force equality. A derived scaling factor produces the gravity effect experienced by the observer and the GRT-QED unification issue is thereby largely resolved.</p>
Closure to “Discussion of ‘On the General Theory of Thin Shells’” (1951, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 18, pp. 231–232)