For nonlinear vibration problems, IHB method is an effective definite quantitative method. The theoretical foundation of IHB method is amplitude incremental variational principle. In this paper, amplitude incremental generalized potential energy principle and generalized quasi-potential energy principle with two variables are established, thus improving theoretical foundation of IHB method.
On the eve of the worldwide negotiations of a new climate agreement in December 2009 in Copenhagen it is important to clearly understand what Russia can do to mitigate energy-related greenhouse gas emissions in the medium (until 2020) and in the long term (until 2050). The paper investigates this issue using modeling tools and scenario approach. It concludes that transition to the "Low-Carbon Russia" scenarios must be accomplished in 2020—2030 or sooner, not only to mitigate emissions, but to block potential energy shortages and its costliness which can hinder economic growth.
