scholarly journals Towards common-sense reasoning via conditional simulation: legacies of Turing in Artificial Intelligence

2014 ◽  
pp. 195-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron E. Freer ◽  
Daniel M. Roy ◽  
Joshua B. Tenenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Conditional Simulation ◽  
Common Sense Reasoning

Common-sense reasoning, theories of

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Horty
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Logical Framework ◽  
Applied Logic ◽  
Common Sense Reasoning ◽  
New Information ◽  
Logical Study ◽  
Reasoning Agent

The task of formalizing common-sense reasoning within a logical framework can be viewed as an extension of the programme of formalizing mathematical and scientific reasoning that has occupied philosophers throughout much of the twentieth century. The most significant progress in applying logical techniques to the study of common-sense reasoning has been made, however, not by philosophers, but by researchers in artificial intelligence, and the logical study of common-sense reasoning is now a recognized sub-field of that discipline. The work involved in this area is similar to what one finds in philosophical logic, but it tends to be more detailed, since the ultimate goal is to encode the information that would actually be needed to drive a reasoning agent. Still, the formal study of common-sense reasoning is not just a matter of applied logic, but has led to theoretical advances within logic itself. The most important of these is the development of a new field of ‘non-monotonic’ logic, in which the conclusions supported by a set of premises might have to be withdrawn as the premise set is supplemented with new information.

scholarly journals Interlinked. Machines and humans facing the 10101 century

2021 ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Carme Torras ◽  
Ramon López de Mántaras
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
General Public ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Common Sense Reasoning ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Media ◽  
High Level

Robotics and artificial intelligence are two scientific research fields that receive considerable attention from the media and, consequently, from society. Unfortunately, many advances are reported to the general public in sensationalist (or even alarmist) terms, leading to false hopes or unjustified fears, and taking the focus from other key points. For instance, recent successes in artificial intelligence, amplified by the media, are the cause of a mistaken perception of this discipline’s state of the art. The reality is that artificial intelligence is still far from achieving many high-level cognitive skills; particularly, common sense reasoning.

scholarly journals A Natural Logic System for Large Knowledge Bases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troels Andreasen ◽  
Henrik Bulskov ◽  
Jørgen Fischer Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Inference Engine ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Software System ◽  
Database Application ◽  
Natural Logic ◽  
Common Sense Reasoning ◽  
Database Operations

This paper describes principles and structure for a software system that implements a dialect of natural logic for knowledge bases. Natural logics are formal logics that resemble stylized natural language fragments, and whose reasoning rules reflect common-sense reasoning. Natural logics may be seen as forms of extended syllogistic logic. The paper proposes and describes realization of deductive querying functionalities using a previously specified natural logic dialect called Natura-Log. In focus here is the engineering of an inference engine employing as a key feature relational database operations. Thereby the inference steps are subjected to computation in bulk for scaling-up to large knowledge bases. Accordingly, the system eventually is to be realized as a general-purpose database application package with the database being turned logical knowledge base.

6. Heuristic computing

2016 ◽  
pp. 104-118
Author(s):  
Subrata Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Heuristic Search ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Heuristic Rules ◽  
Sense Experience ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
The Difference

Many ordinary problems and everyday activities are not conducive to algorithmic solutions. Yet, people do perform these tasks and solve such problems, so what other computational means are available to perform such tasks? The answer is to resort to a mode of computing that deploys heuristics—rules, precepts, principles, hypotheses based on common sense, experience, judgement, analogies, informed guesses, etc., which offer promise but are not guaranteed to solve problems. Heuristic computing encompasses both heuristic search and heuristic algorithms. ‘Heuristic computing’ explains a meta-heuristic called ‘satisficing’; the difference between exact and heuristic algorithms; how heuristics is used in artificial intelligence; weak and strong methods; and how to interpret heuristic rules.

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