Abstract
Background Gram-positive spectrum antibiotics such as vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin ,and linezolid are frequently used in empirical treatment combinations in critically ill patients Although they are included in the national antibiotic restriction program, thought to be inappropriate, unnecessary and suboptimal use is high due to their widespread use. In our study, in addition to their widespread use, gram-positive spectrum antibiotics were evaluated due to their use in more limited and clear clinical indications. This study aims to determine the frequency of inappropriate uses of gram-positive spectrum antibiotics and risk factors for inappropriate use according to different quality parameters. Methods This clinical study was conducted prospectively between 01.10.2018 and 01.10.2019 in the medical and surgical ICUs of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Hospital with a total bed capacity of 55. Patients older than 18 years of age onset of gram-positive spectrum antibiotics (vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid ,and daptomycin) were included. Patients under the age of eighteen or immunosuppressed (neutropenic, HIV-infected patients with hematologic or solid organ malignancies) were not included in the study. The demographic and clinical features of the patients were recorded. The treatment was also evaluated and recorded by 2 infectious diseases specialists and 2 clinical pharmacists except for the clinical staff at 24-hour intervals from the first day to the last day of treatment. SPSS software for Windows, version 17 (IBM, Armonk, NY) was used to analyze the data. Categorical variables are presented as number and percentage, and non-categorical variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Results In the use of antibiotics, the incidence of non-compliance with at least one of the determined quality parameters was 83%. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors for inappropriate antibiotic use, and creatine values were found to increase the risk of inappropriate antibiotic use. Conclusions In spite of the restricted antibiotic program, inappropriate antibiotic use in ICUs is quite common. In particular, it is necessary to establish local guidelines in collaboration with different disciplines for the determination and follow-up of de-escalation and optimal treatment doses
Examples of simply-connected Liouville manifolds with positive spectrum
