Recurrent cycles with retrieval of immature germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes

SummaryImmature mouse oocytes (germinal vesicle stage, GV), oocytes at different stages during maturation (prometaphase to anaphase I) and matured oocytes (metaphase II arrested) were cultured in 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP)-supplemented medium also containing bromodeoxyuridine for the assessment of DNA replication in these cells. Immature oocytes remained arrested at the GV stage and DNA replication was never detected in them. On the other hand, oocytes at the prometaphase to anaphase-telophase I stages responded to 6-DMAP treatment by forming nuclei which synthesised DNA. Mature (metaphase II) oocytes did not respond to 6-DMAP and their chromatin remained condensed. DNA synthesis could even be induced in GV-staged oocytes, but only when they were fused to freshly activated oocytes and incubated in 6-DMAP-supplemented medium.

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The Divine Feminine Presence in Ibn ‘Arabi and Moses de Leon

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel12030156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 156

Author(s):

Julia Alonso

Keyword(s):

Germinal Vesicle ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Tree Of Life ◽

Human Being ◽

Divine Feminine ◽

Common Goal ◽

Sacred Geometry ◽

The Creation ◽

Ibn Arabi

This paper is an investigation of the divine feminine power as depicted in the texts of Hispanic mystics from Sufi, Hebrew, and Christian traditions. This work is intended to investigate the origin and subsequent development of a transcendent reconciliation of polarity, its diverse manifestations, and the attainment of a common goal, the quintessential of the Perfect Human Being. The architect of the encounter that leads to Union is “Sophia.” She is the Secret. Only those who are able to discern Her own immeasurable dimension may contemplate the Lady who dwells in the sacred geometry of the abyss. Sophia is linked to the hermetic Word, She is allusive, clandestine, poetic, and pregnant with symbols, gnostic resonances, and musical murmurs that conduct the “traveler” through dwellings and stations towards an ancient Sophianic knowledge that leads to the “germinal vesicle,” the “inner wine cellar,” to the Initium, to the Motherland. She is the Mater filius sapientae, who through an alchemical transmutation becomes a song to the absent Sophia whose Presence can only be intuited. Present throughout the Creation, Sophia is the axis around which the poetics of the Taryuman al-ashwaq rotates and the kabbalistic Tree of Life is structured.

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Melatonin Promotes In Vitro Maturation of Vitrified-Warmed Mouse Germinal Vesicle Oocytes, Potentially by Reducing Oxidative Stress through the Nrf2 Pathway

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2324

Author(s):

Shichao Guo ◽

Jinyu Yang ◽

Jianpeng Qin ◽

Izhar Hyder Qazi ◽

Bo Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

In Vitro Maturation ◽

Germinal Vesicle ◽

Melatonin Receptors ◽

Development Rates ◽

Nrf2 Signaling Pathway ◽

Mouse Gv Oocytes ◽

Intracellular Oxidative Stress

Previously it was reported that melatonin could mitigate oxidative stress caused by oocyte cryopreservation; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms which cause this remain unclear. The objective was to explore whether melatonin could reduce oxidative stress during in vitro maturation of vitrified-warmed mouse germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes through the Nrf2 signaling pathway or its receptors. During in vitro maturation of vitrified-warmed mouse GV oocytes, there were decreases (p < 0.05) in the development rates of metaphase I (MI) oocytes and metaphase II (MII) and spindle morphology grades; increases (p < 0.05) in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels; and decreases (p < 0.05) in expressions of Nrf2 signaling pathway-related genes (Nrf2, SOD1) and proteins (Nrf2, HO-1). However, adding 10−7 mol/L melatonin to both the warming solution and maturation solutions improved (p < 0.05) these indicators. When the Nrf2 protein was specifically inhibited by Brusatol, melatonin did not increase development rates, spindle morphology grades, genes, or protein expressions, nor did it reduce vitrification-induced intracellular oxidative stress in GV oocytes during in vitro maturation. In addition, when melatonin receptors were inhibited by luzindole, the ability of melatonin to scavenge intracellular ROS was decreased, and the expressions of genes (Nrf2, SOD1) and proteins (Nrf2, HO-1) were not restored to control levels. Therefore, we concluded that 10−7 mol/L melatonin acted on the Nrf2 signaling pathway through its receptors to regulate the expression of genes (Nrf2, SOD1) and proteins (Nrf2, HO-1), and mitigate intracellular oxidative stress, thereby enhancing in vitro development of vitrified-warmed mouse GV oocytes.

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Control of germinal vesicle breakdown in bovine x murine hybrid oocytes

Reproduction Nutrition Development ◽

10.1051/rnd:19930501 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 411-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Fulka ◽

ML Leibfried-Rutledge ◽

NL First

Keyword(s):

Germinal Vesicle ◽

Germinal Vesicle Breakdown

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Replicating DNA does not block germinal vesicle breakdown in mouse oocytes

Journal of Experimental Zoology ◽

10.1002/jez.1402720310 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 272 (3) ◽

pp. 245-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. Fulka ◽

R. M. Moor ◽

J. Fulka

Keyword(s):

Germinal Vesicle ◽

Germinal Vesicle Breakdown ◽

Mouse Oocytes

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Nuclear bodies in the Drosophila germinal vesicle

Chromosome Research ◽

10.1007/s10577-006-1062-5 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 465-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Ji-Long Liu ◽

Michael Buszczak ◽

Joseph G. Gall

Keyword(s):

Germinal Vesicle ◽

Nuclear Bodies

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Restraint Stress on Female Mice Diminishes the Developmental Potential of Oocytes: Roles of Chromatin Configuration and Histone Modification in Germinal Vesicle Stage Oocytes1

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1095/biolreprod.114.124396 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Xiu-Fen Wu ◽

Hong-Jie Yuan ◽

Hong Li ◽

Shuai Gong ◽

Juan Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Histone Modification ◽

Restraint Stress ◽

Germinal Vesicle ◽

Developmental Potential ◽

Female Mice ◽

Chromatin Configuration

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Cajal Bodies, Nucleoli, and Speckles in the Xenopus Oocyte Nucleus Have a Low-Density, Sponge-like Structure

Molecular Biology of the Cell ◽

10.1091/mbc.e04-08-0742 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 202-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 133

Author(s):

Korie E. Handwerger ◽

Jason A. Cordero ◽

Joseph G. Gall

Keyword(s):

Xenopus Oocyte ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Germinal Vesicle ◽

Physical Structure ◽

Cajal Bodies ◽

Oocyte Nucleus ◽

Refractive Indices ◽

Low Density ◽

Penetration Data ◽

Fibrillar Region

Nuclear organelles, unlike many cytoplasmic organelles, lack investing membranes and are thus in direct contact with the surrounding nucleoplasm. Because the properties of the nucleoplasm and nuclear organelles influence the exchange of molecules from one compartment to another, it is important to understand their physical structure. We studied the density of the nucleoplasm and the density and permeability of nucleoli, Cajal bodies (CBs), and speckles in the Xenopus oocyte nucleus or germinal vesicle (GV). Refractive indices were measured by interferometry within intact GVs isolated in oil. The refractive indices were used to estimate protein concentrations for nucleoplasm (0.106 g/cm3), CBs (0.136 g/cm3), speckles (0.162 g/cm3), and the dense fibrillar region of nucleoli (0.215 g/cm3). We determined similar protein concentrations for nuclear organelles isolated in aqueous media, where they are no longer surrounded by nucleoplasm. To examine the permeability of nuclear organelles, we injected fluorescent dextrans of various molecular masses (3–2000 kDa) into the cytoplasm or directly into the GV and measured the extent to which they penetrated the organelles. Together, the interferometry and dextran penetration data show that organelles in the Xenopus GV have a low-density, sponge-like structure that provides access to macromolecules from the nucleoplasm.

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