Inflectional Paradigms

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Stump
Keyword(s):  
Inflectional Paradigms

Gender, prescriptivism, and language change: Morphological variation in Hebrew animate reference

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erez Levon
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Inflectional Paradigms

AbstractBeliefs about a language rarely correspond to how it is used. This is especially true for Hebrew, a language that has been subject to continued ideological “preservation” efforts ever since its (re)vernacularization in the early 20th century. Recently, attention has turned to the maintenance of Hebrew gender morphology, which is perceived in both scholarly and popular opinion as threatened by a process of leveling to gender syncretized forms across a range of word classes and inflectional paradigms. In this article, I investigate the extent to which sociolinguistic evidence supports this perception in cases of animate reference. I argue that while the claim of widespread gender neutralization of these forms is descriptively valid, its characterization as a change-in-progress is inaccurate. Rather, I suggest that Hebrew is already fully syncretized for gender in certain relevant morphological contexts and that the perception of an ongoing process of change reflects a prescriptive belief about how Hebrew should be, not how it actually is.

scholarly journals On the Complexity and Typology of Inflectional Morphological Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 327-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Cotterell ◽  
Christo Kirov ◽  
Mans Hulden ◽  
Jason Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Conditional Entropy ◽  
Linguistic Complexity ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Empirical Trade ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Inflectional Paradigms ◽  
Surface Realization

We quantify the linguistic complexity of different languages’ morphological systems. We verify that there is a statistically significant empirical trade-off between paradigm size and irregularity: A language’s inflectional paradigms may be either large in size or highly irregular, but never both. We define a new measure of paradigm irregularity based on the conditional entropy of the surface realization of a paradigm— how hard it is to jointly predict all the word forms in a paradigm from the lemma. We estimate irregularity by training a predictive model. Our measurements are taken on large morphological paradigms from 36 typologically diverse languages.

Gaps and repairs at the phonology–morphology interface

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
CURT RICE
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Categories ◽  
Inflectional Paradigms ◽  
Faithfulness Constraint

The paper discusses phonologically motivated gaps in inflectional paradigms. A model is offered in which the appearance of gaps is based on a tension between markedness constraints, faithfulness constraints, and constraints which require the expression of morphological categories. After presenting the model, additional implications are analyzed. Situations in which the same problem has different solutions in different morphological contexts are predicted insofar as constraints requiring the expression of different categories can vary in their ranking relative to some faithfulness constraint. Hence, the same phonotactic problem can yield a gap in one situation and a repair in another. This prediction is illustrated and further details of the prediction are explored, including the identification of a situation requiring a more restrictive version of the model. This is achieved by drawing on Smith's (2001) proposal that faithfulness constraints can be indexed to lexical categories to model this situation.

scholarly journals Assisting non-expert speakers of under-resourced languages in assigning stems and inflectional paradigms to new word entries of morphological dictionaries

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-1017
Author(s):  
Miquel Esplà-Gomis ◽  
Rafael C. Carrasco ◽  
Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena ◽  
Mikel L. Forcada ◽  
Felipe Sánchez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflectional Paradigms

scholarly journals Simultaneous effects of inflectional paradigms and classes in processing of Serbian verbs

Psihologija ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Filipovic-Djurdjevic ◽  
Isidora Gataric
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Relative Entropy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Input Cues ◽  
Learning Principles ◽  
The Given ◽  
Inflectional Paradigms ◽  
Basic Learning

In this paper we show that the processing of inflected verb forms is simultaneously influenced by the distributional properties of their inflectional paradigm (all the inflected forms of the given verb) and also by their inflectional class (all the verbs that conjugate in the same manner). Thus, we generalize a finding that was previously observed with nouns. We demonstrate that a divergence of the frequency distribution within inflectional paradigm from the frequency distribution within inflectional class (operationalized as Relative entropy between the two frequency distributions) is detrimental to processing. We present the results of a visual lexical decision experiment and the results of a simulation that was ran in the Naive Discriminative Reader, a simple computational model based on basic learning principles. We show that Relative entropy between an inflectional paradigm and an inflectional class predicts both empirically observed and simulated processing latencies. By doing so, we add to the body of research that investigates processing effects of information theory based descriptions of language. We also demonstrate that the effect of Relative entropy on the processing of morphology can arise as a consequence of the principles of discriminative learning in a system that maps input cues to outcomes, with no specification of morphology per se.

scholarly journals Modelling Morphographemic Alternations in Derivation of Czech

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-42
Author(s):  
Magda Ševčíková
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
Significant Frequency ◽  
Lexical Resource ◽  
Inflectional Paradigms ◽  
Extensive List

Abstract The present paper deals with morphographemic alternations in Czech derivation with regard to the build-up of a large-coverage lexical resource specialized in derivational morphology of contemporary Czech (DeriNet database). After a summary of available descriptions in the Czech linguistic literature and Natural Language Processing, an extensive list of alternations is provided in the first part of the paper with a focus on their manifestation in writing. Due to the significant frequency and limited predictability of alternations in Czech derivation, several bottom-up methods were used in order to adequately model the alternations in DeriNet. Suffix-substitution rules proved to be efficient for alternations in the final position of the stem, whereas a specialized approach of extracting alternations from inflectional paradigms was used for modelling alternations within the roots. Alternations connected with derivation of verbs were handled as a separate task. DeriNet data are expected to be helpful in developing a tool for morphemic segmentation and, once the segmentation is available, to become a reliable resource for data-based description of word formation including alternations in Czech.

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