Southern Song Freelance Painters (1127–1279): Commerce Between the Imperial Court and the Linan Art Market

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Huiping Pang
Keyword(s):  
Art Market ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Southern Song ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
Hybrid Class

Abstract This article makes visible the complex social position of a previously overlooked class of Southern Song artists: freelance painters, who worked for the imperial court on a temporary, as-needed basis, but who have been mischaracterized as permanent, official “court painters” by post-Song historiographers. Through an analysis of the careers of freelance painters such as Chen Qingbo and Li Dong, I posit a hybrid class of adjunct-artists, who made their livings by operating fan shops in the capital's streets but at times also contracted with the court. How did the emperor exploit contingent artists while simultaneously allowing market agents (guilds and brokers) to protect their benefits? How did the freelance painters increase their profits by developing entrepreneurial relations with the court and by competing with other freelancers in a fierce market? By exploring how the Southern Song court mobilized non-court painters through consensual contracts, this article differentiates freelancers from court painters, thereby dismantling long-held myths about the Southern Song painting academy.

Stages of Decline

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-378
Author(s):  
Ari Daniel Levine
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
The Past ◽  
Southern Song ◽  
Counter Narratives ◽  
Social Trauma ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
Northern Song ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
The City

After the fall of the Northern Song [Formula: see text] (960–1127) capital of Kaifeng [Formula: see text] to Jurchen invaders in 1127, diasporic literati of the Southern Song dynasty [Formula: see text] (1127–1279) recreated and revisited its lost sites through textual commemoration, especially in memorabilia literature (biji [Formula: see text], lit. ‘brush notes’). As knowledge of the city passed from communicative memory into cultural memory, its decline and destruction became the focus of nostalgia and indignation for Yue Ke [Formula: see text] (1183–1234), the author of the Pillar Histories (Ting shi [Formula: see text]), a collection of counter-narratives of Northern Song history that expressed the shared experience of social trauma induced by dynastic collapse. Disconnected from their spatial context and even from historical fact, the city’s memory sites became stages for amoralistic declension narrative, in which the city’s destruction and occupation was assumed to have been instigated by the decadence of the imperial court of the passive Emperor Huizong [Formula: see text] (r. 1100–26) and his ‘nefarious ministers’. The most colourful elements of Yue’s ludic and fantastical narratives became the focus of his indignation, which encouraged his readers to denounce the traitors who had betrayed the empire by inviting the Jurchen invasion. In the Pillar Histories, Yue deployed textual imaginaries of nostalgia as forms of resistance by re-contesting the past events that led to dynastic collapse. By reconstructing the city in the cultural memory of his fellow diasporic literati, Yue was creating a vision of an ideal political, cultural and moral community that once existed at the dynasty’s inception, and might be reconstituted in the future, if and when Song subjects recaptured their lost homeland.

Art Market and Its Investment Capacity

2010 ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
A. Sarkisyants
Keyword(s):  
Art Market ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Russian Art Market ◽  
Investment Capacity ◽  
Comparative Rate

The article investigates the world art market trends. It considers the main market indicators, comparative rate of return and the prospects of the market as well as the problems of art banking. Special attention is paid to the Russian art market.

Book Reviews

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
Csilla Varga ◽  
György Lengyel ◽  
Viktória Vásáry
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Emerging Market Economies ◽  
Multifunctional Agriculture ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Ashgate Publishing ◽  
Publishing Limited ◽  
European Agriculture

Grzegorz W. Kolodko: Emerging Market Economies: Globalization and Development (Aldershot and Burlington: Ashgate, 2003, 281 pp.) - Reviewed by Csilla Varga); Mihály Laki - Júlia Szalai: Vállalkozók vagy polgárok? A nagyvállalkozók gazdasági és társadalmi helyzetének ambivalenciái az ezredforduló Magyarországán (Entrepreneur or Citoyen? Ambivalences of the Economic and Social Position of Great Entrepreneurs at the Turn of the Millenium in Hungary) (Budapest: Osiris, 2004, 271 pp.) - Reviewed by György Lengyel; Guido van Huylenbroeck - Guy Durand (eds): Multifunctional Agriculture. A New Paradigm for European Agriculture and Rural Development (Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2003, 239 pp.) - Reviewed by Viktória Vásáry

Unrivalled Influence

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Herrin
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
Mothers And Daughters ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time

This book explores the exceptional roles that women played in the vibrant cultural and political life of medieval Byzantium. This book evokes the complex and exotic world of Byzantium's women, from empresses and saints to uneducated rural widows. Drawing on a diverse range of sources, the book sheds light on the importance of marriage in imperial statecraft, the tense coexistence of empresses in the imperial court, and the critical relationships of mothers and daughters. It looks at women's interactions with eunuchs, the in-between gender in Byzantine society, and shows how women defended their rights to hold land. The book describes how women controlled their inheritances, participated in urban crowds demanding the dismissal of corrupt officials, followed the processions of holy icons and relics, and marked religious feasts with liturgical celebrations, market activity, and holiday pleasures. The vivid portraits that emerge here reveal how women exerted an unrivalled influence on the patriarchal society of Byzantium, and remained active participants in the many changes that occurred throughout the empire's millennial history. The book brings together the author's finest essays on women and gender written throughout the long span of her career. This volume includes three new essays published here for the very first time and a new general introduction. It also provides a concise introduction to each essay that describes how it came to be written and how it fits into her broader views about women and Byzantium.

Position Of Women In India: Historical Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Dr.S.Theresammal
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
High Position ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
The Social ◽  
Women In India

Woman establishes the strategicpart in the Indian society. Women in ancient India relished high position in society and their situation was worthy.The country is to study the position of its women. In certainty, the position of women represents the customary of values of any period. The social position of the women of a nation represents the social essence of the era. Though to appeal an assumption about the position of women is a problematic and difficult delinquent. It is consequently, essential to touch this situation in the historical perspective.The paper will help us to imagine the position of women in the historical perspective.

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