IntroductionDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising therapy option for otherwise treatment-resistant neuropsychiatrie disorders, especially in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), major depression (TRD) and Tourette's Syndrome (TS).ObjectiveThe brain coordinates of the DBS targets are mainly reported using measurements in original, unnormalized brains. In the neuroimaging community stereotactic data are mainly indicated in the standardized Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space, i.e. a three-dimensional proportional grid system.AimsImproved comparability between targets in DBS studies and molecular and functional neuroimaging data from PET, SPECT, MRI, fMRI, mostly published with stereotactic data.MethodsA comprehensive and systematic literature search for published DBS case reports or studies in TRD, OCD and TS was performed. We extracted the tip positions of electrode leads as provided in the publications or by the authors, and transferred individual coordinates to the standard brain in the MNI space.Results46 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The main targets for the specific disorders and one or two examples of their calculated MNI coordinates are indicated in the table:[MNI coordinates of the main DBS targets]ConclusionsWe provide DBS data of neuropsychiatrie disorders in the MNI space, improving the comparability to molecular, functional and structural neuroimaging data.
Single-atom fabrication with electron and ion beams: From surfaces and two-dimensional materials toward three-dimensional atom-by-atom assembly