Integration to Inclusion in Hong Kong: Not an Easy Progression

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Peter Westwood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Academic Standards ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Large Class Size ◽  
Inclusive Schooling ◽  
Education In Hong Kong

Abstract This article describes the evolution of inclusive education in Hong Kong, moving from segregation via integration to inclusion. The outside influence of education policies and trends from Britain, Australia, and the United States are identified, and the current situation is described. In particular, obstacles that are encountered on the route to inclusion are compared with those found in other countries. These obstacles include large class size, teachers’ often negative attitudes, parents’ expectations, teachers’ lack of expertise for adapting the curriculum and for providing differentiated teaching, and ongoing conflicts between the notion of ‘inclusive schooling for all’ and the ‘academic standards agenda’.

scholarly journals Important Developments of Leisure Education in American Public Schools: What Can We Learn From Them?

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Kian Lam TOH
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Leisure Education ◽  
Secondary School Curriculum ◽  
Education In Hong Kong

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The notion of leisure education can trace its roots far back to Ancient Greece. The aim of leisure education is not to increase the number of subjects offered by the schools, but rather to infuse the values of leisure into the existing subjects. The objective is to guide the students in making good use of their leisure, which in fact is one of the secondary school curriculum aims. Besides presenting some of the important developments of leisure education in American public schools, this paper also highlights some of the reasons why leisure education fails in the United States. These problems are relevant to us especially if we want to make leisure education in Hong Kong a reality one day.休閒教育的起源可追溯到古希臘時代。休閒教育的目的不在於增加學校的科目，而是將休閒的價値溶入目前學校既有的科目中，引導學生善用閒暇時間，這也正是香港的教育目標之一。美國學校的休閒教育可說是失敗的。本文首先提出休閒教育在美國的一些重要發展，然後舉出一些造成他們失敗的可能原因，若是有朝一日休閒教育在本港萌芽，那麼我們就不得不重視這些我們也可能面對的問題。

Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

1997 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-517
Author(s):  
Marian Nash (Leich)
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
International Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Government ◽  
Contemporary Practice

On March 3,1997, President William J. Clinton transmitted to the Senate for its advice and consent to ratification as a treaty the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Hong Kong for the Surrender of Fugitive Offenders, signed at Hong Kong on December 20,1996. In his letter of transmittal, President Clinton pointed out that, upon its entry into force, the Agreement would “enhance cooperation between the law enforcement communities of the United States and Hong Kong, and … provide a framework and basic protections for extraditions after the reversion of Hong Kong to the sovereignty of the People’s Republic of China on July 1, 1997.” The President continued: Given the absence of an extradition treaty with the People’s Republic of China, this Treaty would provide the means to continue an extradition relationship with Hong Kong after reversion and avoid a gap in law enforcement. It will thereby make a significant contribution to international law enforcement efforts.The provisions of this Agreement follow generally the form and content of extradition treaties recently concluded by the United States. In addition, the Agreement contains several provisions specially designed in light of the particular status of Hong Kong. The Agreement’s basic protections for fugitives are also made expressly applicable to fugitives surrendered by the two parties before the new treaty enters into force.

scholarly journals Gubernatorial Rhetoric and the Purpose of Education in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick M. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
General Public ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Purpose Of Education

For decades, scholars have debated the purpose of U.S. education, but too often ignored how non-education-related power brokers define education or the requisite consequences.[Qu: Is there a different way of phrasing this? I'm not sure, in reading it, what you intend "the requisite consequences" to mean. Does this mean the results of education, or the consequences of inaccurate definitions of it? Also, may we rephrase "non-education-related power brokers" to something like "power brokers without education experience"?]This study examines how one of the most prominent categories of U.S. leaders, state governors, defines education and discusses the policy implications. We examine gubernatorial rhetoric—that is, public speeches—about education, collected from State of the State speeches from 2001 to 2008. In all, one purpose gains overwhelmingly more attention—economic efficiency. As long as governors and the general public, seen enthymematically through gubernatorial rhetoric, define education in economic terms, other purposes will likely remain marginalized, leading to education policies designed disproportionately to advance economic ends.

scholarly journals Ultrasound assessment of normal splenic length and spleen-to-kidney ratio in children

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 514-516
Author(s):  
O. Al Imam ◽  
A. Suleiman ◽  
S. Khuleifat
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ultrasound Assessment

Splenic lengths in 184 normal Jordanian children were measured through the hilum by ultrasound and compared with data from Hong Kong and the United States of America. The spleen to left kidney ratio was calculated to determine whether it was constant and to establish a ratio above which splenomegaly can be diagnosed. Up to age 15 years, little variation in splenic length was observed, but over 15 years splenic length was slightly lower in Jordanian males. Spleen to left kidney ratio was constant at around 1; splenomegaly is highly probable in ratios >/= 1.25

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