scholarly journals Convergence in National Alcohol Consumption Patterns: New Global Indicators

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Holmes ◽  
Kym Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Beverage Type ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Expenditure Data ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Global Indicators

AbstractWith increasing globalisation and interactions between cultures, countries are converging in many ways, including in their consumption patterns. The extent to which this has been the case in alcohol consumption has been the subject of previous studies, but those studies have been limited in scope to a specific region or group of high-income countries or to just one or two types of alcohol. The present study updates earlier findings, covers all countries of the world since 1961, and introduces two new summary indicators to capture additional dimensions of the extent of convergence in total alcohol consumption and in its mix of beverages. It also distinguishes countries according to whether their alcoholic focus was on wine, beer, or spirits in the early 1960s as well as their geographic regions and their real per-capita incomes. For recent years, we add expenditure data and compare alcohol with soft drink retail expenditure, and we show the difference it makes when unrecorded alcohol volumes are included as part of total alcohol consumption. The final section summarizes our findings and suggests that further research could provide new demand elasticity estimates and use econometrics to explain the varying extents of convergence over time, space, and beverage type. (JEL Classifications: D12, L66, N10)

Do Alcohol Consumption Patterns of Adolescents Differ by Beverage Type?

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chudley (Chad) Werch ◽  
Edessa C. Jobli ◽  
Michele J. Moore ◽  
Carlo C. DiClemente ◽  
Heather S. Dore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Beverage Type

Alcohol consumption patterns in heavy drinkers with and without alcoholic liver disease (ALD)

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A117-A117
Author(s):  
K DEAR ◽  
M BRADLEY ◽  
K MCCORMACK ◽  
R PECK ◽  
D GLEESON
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Heavy Drinkers

scholarly journals Does Consumption of Nitrate Containing Beetroot Juice Affect Indoor Rowing Performance in Males and Females?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1754-1754
Author(s):  
Giselle Greisman ◽  
June Kloubec ◽  
Alexandra Kazaks ◽  
Kelly Morrow ◽  
Cristen Harris
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Beverage Type ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Objectives The nitrates found in beetroot juice (BR) are known to be a precursor of nitric oxide (NO). NO is a known vasodilator which allows more oxygen to travel in the blood and may improve muscle efficiency. This study aims to measure the effect of BR supplementation on performance on 500-meter row time for trained CrossFit athletes. Many past studies have analyzed the effect of BR on male athletes, this study aimed to include both males and females. Methods This study used a randomized, cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled design to measure 500-meter row time. Thirty athletes age 18–60 consumed either a 2.7 oz shot of BR (6.5 mmol nitrate) or a placebo nitrate-free beetroot juice (PL). Two hours later, they rowed 500 meters. After at least a seven-day washout period, athletes repeated the 500-meter row with either BR or PL for comparison. This study was performed from July 2019 – January 2020 and was conducted in Mercer Island, Washington. Results Ten males age 18.0 to 60.3 (median 47.7) and twenty females age 26.7 to 58.3 (median 43.8), participated in this study. Row times for the 500-meter row ranged from 88.2 seconds to 150.7 seconds. Data indicate that although 60% of all participants rowed faster with BR (mean 112.83 seconds), compared to PL (mean 113.40 seconds), the difference in the means of row times (−0.563) was not significant overall (P = 0.29). However, for the 10 males, row times were significantly faster (1.02 second difference, P = 0.04) on average with BR compared to PL. For the 20 females, the difference in mean row time (−0.335 seconds) was not significant (P = 0.66). Competitive rowers were defined as those who rowed under 110 seconds (N = 15). For competitive rowers (10 males, 5 females), row times were significantly faster with BR compared to PL (difference in means −0.94, P = 0.009). However, for those rowers, the P-value of drink * group was 0.015. Conclusions Dietary nitrate improved indoor rowing performance in males but not in females. In addition, competitive rowers were also significantly faster with BR, however, there may be an order bias, since there was significant interaction between beverage type and testing order. Food based nitrate supplements may increase rowing performance with male rowers. Funding Sources Supported by Bastyr Faculty Student Research Grant.

scholarly journals Changes in Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Small Change in Total Consumption, but Increase in Proportion of Heavy Drinkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4231
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Rossow ◽  
Elin K. Bye ◽  
Inger Synnøve Moan ◽  
Carolin Kilian ◽  
Jørgen G. Bramness
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Small Change

Little is known about possible changes in alcohol consumption distribution during the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimated how individual changes in alcohol consumption during the pandemic translated into changes in: (i) mean consumption; (ii) dispersion of consumption distribution; and (iii) prevalence of heavy drinkers. We employed data from two independent web-surveys of Norwegian adults collected between April and July 2020 and limited to those reporting past year alcohol consumption (N1 = 15,267, N2 = 1195). Self-reports of changes in drinking behavior were quantified, assuming change being relative to baseline consumption level. During the pandemic, we found a small increase (Survey 1) or no change (Survey 2) in estimated mean alcohol consumption (which parallels to total consumption). However, in both surveys, the dispersion of the distribution increased significantly (p < 0.001). For most respondents, an average modest decline in consumption was found. However, the small fraction with the highest baseline consumption increased their consumption substantially, and in effect, the proportion of heavy drinkers increased markedly (p < 0.001). In conclusion, quantifications of reported changes in alcohol consumption during the pandemic suggest that the upper 5 to 10% of the drinkers increased their consumption and hence the prevalence of heavy drinkers increased, despite little or no change in total alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Self-Rated Aversion to Taste Qualities and the PROP Taster Phenotype Associate with Alcoholic Beverage Intake and Preference

Beverages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Gary J. Pickering ◽  
Margaret K. Thibodeau
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Beverage Type

Consumers often identify “taste” as an important factor when selecting alcoholic beverages. Although it is assumed that reduced alcohol consumption in PROP super-tasters is due to a greater dislike of the nominally aversive sensations that they experience more intensely (e.g., bitterness) when compared to PROP non-tasters, this question has not been specifically asked to them. Therefore, we examined consumers’ self-reported aversion towards specific sensory attributes (bitter, hot/burn, dry, sour, sweet, carbonation) for four alcoholic beverage types (white wine, red wine, beer, spirits) using a convenience sample of U.S. wine consumers (n = 925). Participants rated 18 statements describing different combinations of sensory attributes and alcoholic beverages on a 5-point Likert scale (e.g., Beer tastes too bitter for me). Individuals who tended to agree more strongly with the statements (i.e., they were more averse; p(F) < 0.05) tended to (i) consume less of all beverage types, (ii) consume a higher proportion of white wine (p(r) < 0.05), and (iii) were more likely to be female or PROP super-tasters. The results suggest that self-reported aversion to specific sensory attributes is associated with not only lower overall intake of alcoholic beverages, but also a shift in the relative proportions of beverage type consumed; a key finding for studies investigating how taste perception impacts alcohol consumption.

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