scholarly journals Grand Challenges in Protoplanetary Disc Modelling

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Haworth ◽  
John D. Ilee ◽  
Duncan H. Forgan ◽  
Stefano Facchini ◽  
Daniel J. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Consistent Calculation ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Dust Dynamics ◽  
Protoplanetary Discs

AbstractThe Protoplanetary Discussions conference—held in Edinburgh, UK, from 2016 March 7th–11th—included several open sessions led by participants. This paper reports on the discussions collectively concerned with the multi-physics modelling of protoplanetary discs, including the self-consistent calculation of gas and dust dynamics, radiative transfer, and chemistry. After a short introduction to each of these disciplines in isolation, we identify a series of burning questions and grand challenges associated with their continuing development and integration. We then discuss potential pathways towards solving these challenges, grouped by strategical, technical, and collaborative developments. This paper is not intended to be a review, but rather to motivate and direct future research and collaboration across typically distinct fields based on community-driven input, to encourage further progress in our understanding of circumstellar and protoplanetary discs.

The self-consistent calculation of Si δ-doped GaAs structures

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ozturk ◽  
Y. Ergun ◽  
H. Sari ◽  
I. Sokmen
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Consistent Calculation ◽  
Self Consistent

scholarly journals Retrieving scattering clouds and disequilibrium chemistry in the atmosphere of HR 8799e

2020 ◽  
Vol 640 ◽  
pp. A131 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mollière ◽  
T. Stolker ◽  
S. Lacour ◽  
G. P. P. L. Otten ◽  
J. Shangguan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
The Self ◽  
Model Interpretation ◽  
Cloud Models ◽  
Cloudy Atmosphere ◽  
Self Consistent

Context. Clouds are ubiquitous in exoplanet atmospheres and they represent a challenge for the model interpretation of their spectra. When generating a large number of model spectra, complex cloud models often prove too costly numerically, whereas more efficient models may be overly simplified. Aims. We aim to constrain the atmospheric properties of the directly imaged planet HR 8799e with a free retrieval approach. Methods. We used our radiative transfer code petitRADTRANS for generating the spectra, which we coupled to the PyMultiNest tool. We added the effect of multiple scattering which is important for treating clouds. Two cloud model parameterizations are tested: the first incorporates the mixing and settling of condensates, the second simply parameterizes the functional form of the opacity. Results. In mock retrievals, using an inadequate cloud model may result in atmospheres that are more isothermal and less cloudy than the input. Applying our framework on observations of HR 8799e made with the GPI, SPHERE, and GRAVITY, we find a cloudy atmosphere governed by disequilibrium chemistry, confirming previous analyses. We retrieve that C/O = 0.60−0.08+0.07. Other models have not yet produced a well constrained C/O value for this planet. The retrieved C/O values of both cloud models are consistent, while leading to different atmospheric structures: either cloudy or more isothermal and less cloudy. Fitting the observations with the self-consistent Exo-REM model leads to comparable results, without constraining C/O. Conclusions. With data from the most sensitive instruments, retrieval analyses of directly imaged planets are possible. The inferred C/O ratio of HR 8799e is independent of the cloud model and thus appears to be a robust. This C/O is consistent with stellar, which could indicate that the HR 8799e formed outside the CO2 or CO iceline. As it is the innermost planet of the system, this constraint could apply to all HR 8799 planets.

scholarly journals The self-consistent calculation of the edge states in bilayer quantum Hall bar

2011 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 012066 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Kavruk ◽  
T Orzturk ◽  
A Orzturk ◽  
U Atav ◽  
H Yuksel
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Hall ◽  
The Self ◽  
Edge States ◽  
Consistent Calculation ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Bilayer Quantum Hall

K-line emission profiles with focus on the self-consistent calculation of plasma polarization

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (21) ◽  
pp. 214061 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sengebusch ◽  
H Reinholz ◽  
G Röpke ◽  
U Zastrau ◽  
T Kämpfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Line Emission ◽  
The Self ◽  
Consistent Calculation ◽  
Self Consistent
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