Studies on blood acid-base status and muscle metabolism in working bullocks

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Upadhyay ◽  
M. L. Madan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Distress Symptoms ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Heavy Loads

ABSTRACTHaryana and crossbred (Holstein × local Haryana) bullocks were subjected to work under heavy loads in summer. During the work, bullocks exhibited distress symptoms. After work, rectal temperature, respiration rate, heart rate and minute volume increased significantly, the average pO2 content increased, muscle lactic acid increased and creatine phosphate level declined. From the results it was evident that oxygen availability in blood improved during work. Despite the enhanced oxygenation of blood, there was accumulation of lactic acid in muscle. This indicated a certain degree of tissue hypoxia, which probably brought about fatigue earlier.

The Effect of Long-Term Aerial Exposure on Heart Rate, Ventilation, Respiratory Gas Exchange and Acid-Base Status in the Crayfish Austropotamobius Pallipes

1981 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
E. W. TAYLOR ◽  
MICHÈLE G. WHEATLY
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Aerial Exposure ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Content Difference ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Lactate Levels

1. When first removed into air, crayfish showed transient increases in heart rate (fH) and scaphognathite rate (fR) which rapidly recovered to submerged levels and were unchanged for 24 h. The rate of O2 consumption(Moo2) increased from an initially low level and was then maintained for 24 h in air at the same level as in settled submerged animals. 2. There was an initial acidosis in the haemolymph which was both respiratory and metabolic due to the accumulation of CO2 and lactate. Progressive compensation by elevation of the levels of bicarbonate buffer in the haemolymph and reduction of circulating lactate levels returned pH towards submerged levels after 24 h in air. 3. Exposure to air resulted in a marked internal hypoxia with haemolymph O2, tensions, both postbranchial Pa, oo2 and prebranchial Pv, oo2, remaining low throughout the period of exposure. The oxygen content or the haemolymph was initially reduced, with a - vOO2 content difference close to zero. Within 24 h both Ca, oo2 and Cv, OO2 had returned towards their levels in submerged animals. These changes are explained by the Bohr shift on the haemocyanin consequent upon the measured pH changes. 4. After 48 h in air, MO2 and fH were significantly reduced and ventilation became intermittent. There was a slight secondary acidosis, increase in lactic acid levels and reduction in a - vO2 content difference in the haemolymph. 5. When crayfish were returned to water after 24 h in air, MOO2, fHfR were initially elevated by disturbance and there was a period of hyperventilation. In the haemolymph there was an initial slight alkalosis, and an increase in Ca, OO2 lactic acid. All variables returned to their settled submerged levels within 8 h.

Response of Fetal Heart Rate to Scalp Stimulation Related to Fetal Acid-Base Status

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Lazebnik ◽  
Michael Neuman ◽  
Andrzej Lysikiewicz ◽  
Le Dierker ◽  
Leon Mann
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Acid Base Status

The Placental Transfer and Fetal Effects of Levobupivacaine, Racemic Bupivacaine, and Ropivacaine

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1698-1703. ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. Santos ◽  
Barry Karpel ◽  
George Noble
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Fetal Serum ◽  
Acid Base Status

Background The purposes of this study were to assess the effects of levobupivacaine on uterine blood flow and fetal well-being and to compare its placental transfer with that of bupivacaine and ropivacaine. Methods After a control period, pregnant ewes that were fitted with instruments for long-term monitoring were randomized to receive a two-step intravenous infusion of levobupivacaine, bupivacaine, or ropivacaine, in a blinded manner, for 1 h. Maternal and fetal hemodynamics were monitored during the study. Arterial blood samples were drawn at 30 and 60 min of infusion from the mother and fetus to determine the acid-base status (60 min only) and serum drug concentrations. The fetal brain, heart, liver, lungs, adrenal glands, and kidneys were obtained to measure tissue drug levels. Results Maternal blood pressure, central venous and intraamniotic pressures, acid-base status and uterine blood flow were unaffected by any drug infusion. In contrast to the other two local anesthetics, the infusion of bupivacaine was associated with a small but significant decrease in the ewe's heart rate. At the end of the study, the heart rate in the bupivacaine-treated animals was significantly less than in the animals treated with the other two drugs. All fetuses were in good condition at the start of study, and none of the local anesthetics affected fetal well-being. No significant differences were found among the three drugs in the maternal serum, fetal serum, fetal tissue concentrations, and tissue:serum concentration ratios. Conclusions Levobupivacaine was similar to bupivacaine and ropivacaine in causing no important hemodynamic changes in the pregnant ewe and fetus. There were no significant differences in the fetal serum and tissue levels of the drugs.

Correlation of Neonatal Acid-Base Status with Apgar Scores and Fetal Heart Rate Tracings

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
F. O. Page ◽  
J. N. Martin ◽  
S. M. Palmer ◽  
R. W. Martin ◽  
J. A. Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Acid Base Status

scholarly journals Acid-base status and cardiovascular function in mink (Mustela vison) anaesthetized with ketamine/midazolam

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wamberg ◽  
P. Svendsen ◽  
B. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Spontaneous Respiration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Intravenous Solution ◽  
Acid Base Status

Heart rate, arterial blood pressure and blood acid-base status were determined in 18 adult female mink (mean (±SEM)body weight 1052±34 g)during long-term anaesthesia with either controlled ventilation ( n=12) or spontaneous respiration ( n=6) Surgical anaesthesia was induced by intramuscular injection of ketamine hydrochloride (Ketaminol Vet®, 40.0±1.7mg/kg) and midazolam hydrochloride (Dormicum® 2.8±0.1 mg/kg) and maintained for at least 5 h by continuous intravenous infusion of this drug combination in 0.9% saline. For all animals, the mean rates of infusion of ketamine and midazolam were 48.4±1.6 and 1.61±0.12 mg/h, respectively. Following continuous infusion of the anaesthetics in isotonic saline, at a rate of 20 ml/h, a moderate 'dilution acidosis' developed, which could be corrected by replacement of part of the saline with sodium bicarbonate to a final concentration of approximately 25 mmol NaHCO3 per litre. However, when the animals were allowed to breathe spontaneously, an increase in heart rate and a combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis occurred, due to severe respiratory depression. Apart from these effects and a few cases of increased salivation, no adverse effects over time were observed on the arterial blood acid-base status and cardiovascular function of the animals during ketamine/midazolam anaesthesia. It is concluded that the procedure described for long-term anaesthesia in mink is convenient and safe for acute physiological experiments in this species, provided normal body temperature and pulmonary gas exchange is sufficiently maintained. Thus, the need for an adequately controlled artificial ventilation is strongly emphasized. Finally, a proposal for the composition of an intravenous solution, containing ketamine and midazolam hydrochloride, and sodium bicarbonate in saline, suitable for long-term anaesthesia in adult mink is presented.

The Relationship Between Antepartum Fetal Heart Rate, Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate, and Fetal Acid-Base Status

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
J. A. Low ◽  
M. J. McGrath ◽  
S. J. Marshall ◽  
A. Fischer-Fay ◽  
E. J. Krechmar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
The Relationship
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