A TENTATIVE STUDY OF THE PLEISTOCENE CLIMATIC CHANGES AND STONE AGE CULTURE SEQUENCE IN NORTH EAST ANGOLA. By 
            L. S. B. Leakey 
            Museu do Dundo. (Lisbon, 1949).

In 1931 I described two newly-discovered stone age industries of post-glacial age situated in north-east Ireland which had been made by myself and worked in conjunction with my friend C. Blake Whelan: the one from the Lower Estuarine Clay on Islandmagee, and the other from what is probably a fluviatile gravel intercalated between the Upper and Lower Estuarine Clays in the raised-beach formation at Cushendun.The former of these cultures has its counterpart in the blade industry beneath alluvium in the Orwell Estuary at Ipswich, Suffolk; whilst the latter finds its parallel in the raised-beach at Campbeltown in Argyllshire, Scotland. Adopting the familiar culture-sequence of Central Europe I had previously designated these two groups as phases of the Magdalenian period, but, in order to avoid confusion between the time-periods and the nomenclature of continental cultures, I have decided to base my chronology of the north Irish industries upon the natural changes of climate revealed by a study of the deposits in which they were found. The industries to be described below were contemporary with the Mesolithic Forest Cultures distinguished by Childe and Clark over the plain of northern Europe.

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Climatic Changes of Khorasan, North-East of Iran, During 1950-2004

Research Journal of Environmental Sciences ◽

10.3923/rjes.2008.316.322 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 316-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Elias Soltani . ◽

Afshin Soltani .

Keyword(s):

Climatic Changes ◽

North East ◽

East Of Iran

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A Late Stone Age Site in the Erongo Mountains South West Africa

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society ◽

10.1017/s0079497x00015632 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. Desmond Clark ◽

James Walton

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Stone Age ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Late Stone Age ◽

South West ◽

Female Figures ◽

South West Africa ◽

Organic Remains

The main object of this paper is to draw attention to the existence of Late Stone Age sites in South West Africa where perishable organic remains are preserved, and in particular to the ‘Big Elephant Cave’, discovered by Dr E. R. Scherz in the Erongo Mountains.These lie some 10 to 15 miles north-north-east of Usakos, at approximately 21° 40′ S., 15° 40′ E., in a region of open grass steppe with stands of thornbush, mainly Acacia, with low sclerophytic scrub supported by an annual rainfall of between 150–200 millimetres. These mountains rest on Basement Complex rocks and consist of Karroo sediments through which have been introduced granites of post-Karroo Age. The western face of the Erongo forms the edge of the plateau escarpment, and looks out to the Namib Desert and the Atlantic Ocean.The cave, to which we were conducted in May, 1959, by Dr Scherz, is situated in a commanding position on a kopje of rounded granite boulders near Ameib. It was first shown by its discoverer to the Abbé Henri Breuil when he was copying the Erongo rock paintings, but no study of the settlement was made and it was not revisited in the interim. Although the name ‘Big Elephant Cave’ has been adopted from Dr Scherz, it is, in fact, a deep rockshelter rather than a cave. It contains no paintings, but a line of male and female figures, in faded red paint, is drawn low down on a protected rock at the north side of the kopje. These have been published by the Abbé Breuil.

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURES ON THE TERRITORY OF GORNAYA SHORIA: PALEOSOCIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE RESEARCH

Historical and social-educational ideas ◽

10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-6/1-78-83 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (6/1) ◽

pp. 78-83

Author(s):

Sergey V. BASHTANNIK

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

18Th Century ◽

Kuznetsk Basin ◽

Archaeological Research ◽

Stone Age ◽

Historical Interpretation ◽

North East ◽

Relative Chronology ◽

History Of ◽

Archaeological Cultures

The aim of this article is a historical and sociological understanding of materials from the era of stone and bronze, accumulated so far as a result of research of the settlement monuments of Gornaya Shoria. The direct subject of paleosociological reconstructions in this work are the migrations of the ancient population. Gornaya Shoria is a historical and cultural region, located in the southern part of the Kuznetsk Basin. In the east and north-east it adjoins the Abakan ridge and the Kuznetsk Alatau, in the south - to the Altai, in the west it is separated from the Salair ridge by the NenyaChumysh ridge. This article is devoted to the cultural and historical interpretation of the archaeological data of the Stone Age and Bronze Age, accumulated to this day as a result of the study of the settlement monuments of the Gornaya Shoria. The first information about the ancient fortifications, mounds and places of worship on the territory of Mountain Shoria was left by military engineers in the 18th century. Archaeological research on the territory of Gornaya Shoria intensified in the late 1970s.The vast majority of monuments of archeology, known in the territory of Gornaya Shoria, have been revealed over the past 30 years. Unfortunately, in the interfluve of the rivers Mrassu and Kondoma, on tributaries of the second and third orders, archaeological reconnaissance has not yet been conducted. Virtually unknown monuments of the early Holocene era (Mesolithic - Neolithic).The study of archaeological monuments of this region was carried out, mainly, on the basis of local museums and they not putting special research aims. Therefore, in this article on the materials of archaeological monuments of the Stone Age and Bronze Age, is considered the interaction of the population of Gornaya Shoria as a historical and cultural region with archaeological cultures of the middle flowing of the river Ob’, the Tom basin, and the Tobol-Irtysh region. Cultural complexes associated with ancient migrations are singled out. Archaeological monuments with pottery of Novokuskovo, Krokhalievo, Mundybash, and comb-pit pottery types are characterized, their relative chronology is suggested. A brief history of archaeological research in Gornaya Shoria is given.

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The Palaeolithic Sequence at Iver, Bucks. With an Appendix on the Geology

The Antiquaries Journal ◽

10.1017/s0003581500084250 ◽

1936 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 420-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A. D. Lacaille ◽

K. P. Oakley

Keyword(s):

British Museum ◽

Stone Age ◽

The West ◽

Archaeological Evidence ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

South West ◽

Learned Societies ◽

Line Passing

References to palaeolithic implements from the Pleistocene deposits in the Buckinghamshire parish of Iver have appeared from time to time in the Proceedings of learned societies. The British Museum Guide to Antiquities of the Stone Age, 1926, p. 46, mentions artifacts from this district, where palaeoliths have been collected for nearly half a century, but a general summary has not been made showing the sequence of cultures and the significance of the relics from the local deposits. The author has had the commercial workings in the Iver gravels under observation for a number of years, and thinks that the archaeological evidence, now made available as a result of continuous supervision, may perhaps assist in the revision of published material.The area under review measures almost two miles from east to west and a mile and a half from north to south (map, fig. 1). It may be taken as bounded on the east by the Colne Brook, one of the branches of the River Colne, and on the west by a line passing through Parsonage Farm south-west of Shreding Green, which stands, like the eastern end of Iver village in the north-east corner of the rectangle, at an altitude of 120 ft.

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Two Seasons of Excavation at Tell AQAB in the Jezirah, N.E. Syria

Iraq ◽

10.1017/s0021088900004861 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. E. Davidson ◽

Trevor Watkins ◽

E. J. Peltenburg

Keyword(s):

Human Settlement ◽

The Past ◽

North East ◽

University Of Edinburgh ◽

Northern Edge ◽

The Rich ◽

The University ◽

Culture Sequence ◽

The Town

The site of Tell Aqab lies six kilometres south of the town of Amuda, in the Jezirah province of north-east Syria. It is one of a large number of early mounds which cluster along the northern edge of the Khabur triangle, an extensive and fertile plain drained by the Khabur River and its eastern tributaries. The rich well-watered soil of the Khabur triangle has attracted human settlement during many periods in the past. Earlier in this century excavations by von Oppenheim (Oppenheim 1931) at Tell Halaf and by Mallowan (Mallowan 1947) at Chagar Bazar and at Tell Brak demonstrated the great archaeological potential of the Khabur headwaters sites. The excavation of Tell Aqab was undertaken by the Department of Archaeology of the University of Edinburgh in order to gain a better understanding of the prehistory of this important area. In particular, the site of Tell Aqab promised to yield a long and well stratified Halaf and Ubaid culture sequence for the Khabur headwaters region.

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Livelihood impacts and adaptation in fishing practices as a response to recent climatic changes in the upwelling region of the East African Coastal Current

Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.4314/wiojms.si2020.1.10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105-125

Author(s):

Jacob Ochiewo ◽

Fridah Munyi ◽

Edward Waiyaki ◽

Faith Kimanga ◽

Nicholas Karani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Climatic Changes ◽

Fishing Effort ◽

Primary Data ◽

Coastal Current ◽

East African ◽

North East ◽

General Decline ◽

Fishing Practices

A socio-economic assessment was carried out at Amu and Shela in Lamu County and Ngomeni in Kilifi County on the coast of Kenya. The aim was to establish fisher perspectives on the livelihood impacts of changes in upwelling associated with the East African Coastal Current, and adaptations in fishing practices to determine the vulnerability, resilience and adaptation options for fisheries dependent communities in this upwelling region. Primary data and information were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews and oral histories. Descriptive and non-parametric analysis was conducted for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. The study covered 92 respondents out of which 90 were male. About 82.5 percent of the respondents had attained different levels of primary school education and below, and were therefore highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Furthermore, 80.4 percent of the respondents were aged between 20 years and 49 years with a mean age of 40 years, thus falling into the economically active age category. In terms of livelihoods, fishing and fishing-related activities formed the primary livelihoods at the three study sites with fishing being the main occupation for 93 percent of the respondents. Fishing effort was higher during the north-east monsoon season. Fifty two percent of the respondents targeted small pelagic species. The main changes observed included increased fishing effort and a decline in the quantity of fish caught per fisher, and changes in the composition of fish species. Changes in the composition of fish species have further been compounded by a decline in rainfall over time, sea level rise, irregular wind patterns and increased temperatures. The decline in fish catch further led to a general decline in income and welfare. The climatic changes increased vulnerability of the fishing communities.

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