Effects of temperature and photoperiod on development and pre-reproductive period of the silver Y moth Autographa gamma (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Hill ◽  
A.G. Gatehouse
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Migratory Flight ◽  
Autographa Gamma ◽  
Seasonal Migrations ◽  
Wintering Areas ◽  
Silver Y Moth ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractAdults of Autographa gamma (Linnaeus) make regular, seasonal migrations into areas where they are unable to breed continuously. Individuals migrate into Britain each spring, and after one, two or three generations, offspring of the spring migrants return to over-wintering areas in North Africa and the Middle East. The larvae are highly polyphagous and have been recorded damaging many crops, especially Brassica spp. Insects usually migrate during the adults' pre-reproductive period (PRP). The length of this period is therefore an index of migratory potential since individuals with longer PRPs have more time to express their capacity for flight and to travel further. Individuals reared outside in Britain in autumn have longer PRPs than individuals reared outside in summer. Laboratory experiments show that PRPs are extended at low temperatures and under short photoperiods and there is some evidence that PRPs are also extended under gradually decreasing photoperiods. By extending PRPs in response to environmental conditions typical of Britain in autumn, individuals are able to increase their potential for pre-reproductive migratory flight and therefore their potential for reaching suitable overwintering sites further south.

scholarly journals Was the Silver Y Moth Autographa gamma (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae) in South America?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Martha C. Erazo-Moreno ◽  
Eduardo Carneiro ◽  
Alexandre Specht
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Autographa Gamma ◽  
The Future ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Silver Y Moth ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

In this study we confirmed former records of Autographa gamma in South America by examining four individuals collected in different locations of Brazil and Uruguay. Species identity was established by examining male and female genitalia morphology. Some, but not all, location records are in the vicinity of cities with large seaports used for commercial trades of agricultural goods. Additionally, literature records indicate this species was using local hostplants. Furthermore, addtional repports states that this species had large populations during the end of thirties decade but vanished after that without further justification. Here we discuss aspects related to a possible reintroduction of species in the future as a consequence of the increasing world trade business.

scholarly journals Improving Bisexual Lures for the Silver Y Moth Autographa gamma L. and Related Plusiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tóth ◽  
P. Landolt ◽  
I. Szarukán ◽  
A. Nagy ◽  
J. K. Jósvai
Keyword(s):  
Autographa Gamma ◽  
Silver Y Moth ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals The significance of midsummer movements of Autographa gamma: Implications for a mechanistic understanding of orientation behavior in a migrant moth

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason W. Chapman ◽  
Ka S. Lim ◽  
Don R. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Flight Behavior ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Orientation Behavior ◽  
Migratory Activity ◽  
Autographa Gamma ◽  
Seasonal Migrations ◽  
Silver Y Moth ◽  
Radar Measurements ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The silver Y moth Autographa gamma undertakes windborne spring and fall migrations between winter breeding regions around the Mediterranean and summer breeding regions in northern Europe. Flight behaviors facilitating these migrations include: (i) selection of seasonally-favorable tailwinds; (ii) flying at the altitude of the fastest winds; (iii) adopting flight headings that partially counteract crosswind drift; and (iv) seasonal reversal of preferred directions between spring and fall. In the UK, radar measurements indicate that migratory activity is pronounced during the spring and fall, but is usually very low during midsummer (July). However, an atypically intense period of high-altitude flight was recorded during July 2006, and in this study we compare the flight behavior of A. gamma during these midsummer movements with the more typical spring and fall migrations. During July 2006, activity was most intense at significantly lower altitudes than occurred in spring or fall, and was not associated with the height of the fastest winds; consequently displacement speeds were significantly slower. The most striking difference was an absence of tailwind selectivity in July with windborne movements occurring on almost every night of the month and on tailwinds from all directions. Finally, orientation behavior was quantitatively different during July, with significantly greater dispersion of flight headings and displacements than observed in spring and fall. We discuss mechamsms which could have caused these differences, and conclude that a lack of appropriate photoperiod cues during development of the summer generation resulted in randomly-oriented ‘dispersive’ movements that were strikingly different from typical seasonal migrations.

Behaviour of Coli Phages in Oxidation Ponds

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Omura ◽  
H. K. Shin ◽  
A. Ketratanakul
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Viral Inactivation ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Ponds ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Inactivation Efficiency

Coliphages are among the most promising indicators of viral inactivation efficiency of wastewater treatment. Therefore, it is important to investigate the behaviour of coliphages in oxidation ponds from the viewpoint of predicting the inactivation of infectious viruses. In this study, numbers of coliphages were measured in oxidation ponds consisting of a series of facultative and maturation ponds. In parallel with this investigation, the effects of temperature and pH on the behaviour of coliphages were examined in the laboratory, employing three species of coliform bacteria as host cells. The field investigation showed that there was positive correlation between counts of coliphages and those of coliform bacteria, and that more than 99% of coliphages were inactivated. The inactivation efficiency of coliphages in the facultative pond was much higher than in the maturation pond. The results of the laboratory experiments indicated that at 30°C more than 99% of the coliform group were destroyed in 7 days of incubation and that coliphages counts increased from 105/100 ml to 107/100 ml with a lag time of 3 days. Greater reduction of the coliform count was obtained at higher incubation temperatures. It was observed that the coliphages possessed greater ability to attack coliform bacteria at acidic rather than alkaline pH.

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