Behavioral response and adaptive cost in resistant and susceptiblePlutella xylostellato Chlorantraniliprole

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Passos ◽  
C.S.A. Silva-Torres ◽  
H.A.A. Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Male Attraction ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Resistant Strains

AbstractDiamides have been used worldwide to manage the diamondback moth (DBM),Plutella xylostellaL. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), however some strains showed resistance to these molecules. Also, pheromone traps could be used to manage this pest, hence reducing the use of insecticides in the field. Resistant DBM strains may have biological disadvantages in comparison to susceptible strains in areas without sprays, including reduction in fitness or behavioral changes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether DBM strains resistant to chlorantraniliprole showed adaptive costs that could alter male attraction to the sex pheromone, in comparison to susceptible strains in the laboratory and semi-field conditions. First, the LC1, LC10, LC25, and LC50of DBM to chlorantraniliprole were established, which were 0.003, 0.005, 0.007, and 0.011 mg a.i. liter−1, and 5.88, 24.80, 57.22, and 144.87 mg a.i. liter−1for the susceptible and resistant strains, respectively. Development and reproduction of DBM strains subjected to those concentrations were compared. Later, male response to the sex pheromone was investigated in a Y-tube in the laboratory and in a greenhouse to pheromone traps. Resistant DBM strain showed an adaptive cost in comparison to the susceptible strain that can result in a delay in population growth in the field when selection pressure is absent. Conversely, resistant males have no olfactory response alteration in comparison to susceptible males, consistently at 3 (P= 0.6848) and 7 days (P= 0.9140) after release, suggesting that pheromone traps continue to be a viable alternative to manage DBM in an IPM system.

scholarly journals Increased Responses of Phenoloxidase in Chlorantraniliprole Resistance of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian-Meng Wang ◽  
Jing-Jing Li ◽  
Ze-Yu Shang ◽  
Qi-Tong Yu ◽  
Chao-Bin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Transcriptional Expression ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Resistant Strains

Abstract The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, DBM) is an important pest of cruciferous vegetables. The use of chlorantraniliprole has been essential in the management of the DBM. However, in many countries and areas, DBM has become highly resistant to chlorantraniliprole. Three different DBM strains, susceptible (S), chlorantraniliprole-selected (Rc), and field-collected (Rb) resistant strains/populations were studied for the role of phenoloxidase in resistance development to the insecticide. By assaying the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) in the three different DBM strains, the results showed that the PO activity in the Rc strain was increased significantly compared with the S strain. The synergistic effects of quercetin showed that the resistant ratio (RR) of the QRc larvae to chlorantraniliprole was decreased from 423.95 to 316.42-fold compared with the Rc larvae. Further studies demonstrated that the transcriptional and translational expression levels of PxPPO1 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-1 gene) and PxPPO2 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-2 gene) were increased to varying degrees compared with the S strain, such as the transcriptional expression levels of PxPPO2 were 24.02-fold that of the S strain. The responses of phenoloxidase were significantly different in chlorantraniliprole-resistant DBM.

scholarly journals Evaluation of pheromone trapping of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) as a tool for monitoring larval infestations in cabbage crops in Samoa

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Sulifoa ◽  
A.A. Ebenebe
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
Set Up

Studies were conducted at Aleisa and Alafua in Samoa, during 2004/2005, to assess the propriety of using pheromone trapping of Plutella xylostella as a tool for monitoring larval infestations in cabbage crops. Numbers of adults and larvae of P. xylostella present in cabbage crops were monitored, concurrently, on a weekly basis at the two sites over a period of 13 and 15 months, respectively. Numbers of P. xylostella adults were monitored by using pheromone traps which were set up in cabbage fields, whereas numbers of larvae were monitored through visual observation of cabbage plants in the same fields where the pheromone traps were placed. Results showed that numbers of P. xylostella adults caught in pheromone traps were positively correlated with larval infestations in the crops (r = 0.894 for Aleisa, r = 0.589 for Alafua). Number of moths caught in traps explained 79.9% and 34.4% of variation in larval infestations at Aleisa and Alafua, respectively.

Sex pheromone production and response in Korean populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella

2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Yeol Yang ◽  
Suk Lee ◽  
Kyung San Choi ◽  
Heung Yong Jeon ◽  
Kyung Saeng Boo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Pheromone Production ◽  
Sex Pheromone Production

Integrative Model for Binding of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins in Susceptible and Resistant Larvae of the Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella)

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1413-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Ballester ◽  
Francisco Granero ◽  
Bruce E. Tabashnik ◽  
Thomas Malvar ◽  
Juan Ferré
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Competitive Binding ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Crystal Proteins ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis in sprays and transgenic crops are extremely useful for environmentally sound pest management, but their long-term efficacy is threatened by evolution of resistance by target pests. The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is the first insect to evolve resistance to B. thuringiensis in open-field populations. The only known mechanism of resistance to B. thuringiensis in the diamondback moth is reduced binding of toxin to midgut binding sites. In the present work we analyzed competitive binding of B. thuringiensis toxins Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F to brush border membrane vesicles from larval midguts in a susceptible strain and in resistant strains from the Philippines, Hawaii, and Pennsylvania. Based on the results, we propose a model for binding of B. thuringiensis crystal proteins in susceptible larvae with two binding sites for Cry1Aa, one of which is shared with Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F. Our results show that the common binding site is altered in each of the three resistant strains. In the strain from the Philippines, the alteration reduced binding of Cry1Ab but did not affect binding of the other crystal proteins. In the resistant strains from Hawaii and Pennsylvania, the alteration affected binding of Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F. Previously reported evidence that a single mutation can confer resistance to Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F corresponds to expectations based on the binding model. However, the following two other observations do not: the mutation in the Philippines strain affected binding of only Cry1Ab, and one mutation was sufficient for resistance to Cry1Aa. The imperfect correspondence between the model and observations suggests that reduced binding is not the only mechanism of resistance in the diamondback moth and that some, but not all, patterns of resistance and cross-resistance can be predicted correctly from the results of competitive binding analyses of susceptible strains.

Contextual Chemical Ecology: Male to Male Interactions Influence European Corn Borer1 Male Behavioral Response to Female Sex Pheromone in a Flight Tunnel

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-477
Author(s):  
Jerome A. Klun ◽  
Jennifer C. Graf
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Flight Tunnel ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Pheromone Plume

The responses of European corn borer, Ostrina nubilalis (Hübner), males in a flight tunnel to sex pheromone, [11-tetradecenyl acetate (97:3, Z:E)] was dependent upon the context in which the males were exposed to the stimulus. Males, held individually in isolation before being exposed to pheromone, flew upwind in the pheromone plume and landed on the pheromone source significantly more often than males caged with other males before exposure to the pheromone. When groups of males were simultaneously exposed to female sex pheromone, they responded, on a permale basis, with significantly more upwind flights to pheromone and intense behavior near the pheromone source than did males exposed to the pheromone individually. Heightened intensity of male response in group flight was independent of whether the males were individually isolated or caged with other males before being exposed to the pheromone. The enhanced behavioral output of males responding to pheromone in groups may represent an evolutionary adaptive advantage in instances where several males are simultaneously pursuing a single calling female.

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