scholarly journals Increased Responses of Phenoloxidase in Chlorantraniliprole Resistance of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian-Meng Wang ◽  
Jing-Jing Li ◽  
Ze-Yu Shang ◽  
Qi-Tong Yu ◽  
Chao-Bin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Transcriptional Expression ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Resistant Strains

Abstract The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, DBM) is an important pest of cruciferous vegetables. The use of chlorantraniliprole has been essential in the management of the DBM. However, in many countries and areas, DBM has become highly resistant to chlorantraniliprole. Three different DBM strains, susceptible (S), chlorantraniliprole-selected (Rc), and field-collected (Rb) resistant strains/populations were studied for the role of phenoloxidase in resistance development to the insecticide. By assaying the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) in the three different DBM strains, the results showed that the PO activity in the Rc strain was increased significantly compared with the S strain. The synergistic effects of quercetin showed that the resistant ratio (RR) of the QRc larvae to chlorantraniliprole was decreased from 423.95 to 316.42-fold compared with the Rc larvae. Further studies demonstrated that the transcriptional and translational expression levels of PxPPO1 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-1 gene) and PxPPO2 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-2 gene) were increased to varying degrees compared with the S strain, such as the transcriptional expression levels of PxPPO2 were 24.02-fold that of the S strain. The responses of phenoloxidase were significantly different in chlorantraniliprole-resistant DBM.

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluations of a wild crucifer Barbarea vulgaris as a management tool for the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-hua Lu ◽  
Shu-sheng Liu ◽  
A.M. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Barbarea Vulgaris ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Trap Cropping ◽  
Important Pest

AbstractThe term ‘dead-end trap cropping’ has recently been proposed to identify a plant that is highly attractive for oviposition by an insect pest, but on which offspring of the pest cannot survive. The potential of the wild crucifer Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. to allure and serve as a dead-end trap crop for the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.), an important pest of cruciferous crops worldwide, was examined in laboratory experiments. When P. xylostella adults were provided with a dual-choice of plants of B. vulgaris, and Chinese cabbage Brassica campestris (L.), in one arena, adult moths laid 2.5–6.8 times more eggs on the former than on the latter. When P. xylostella adults were provided with a dual-choice of plants of B. vulgaris and common cabbage Brassica oleracea L., adult moths laid virtually all their eggs on the former and ignored the latter. Nearly all P. xylostella eggs laid on the three species of plants hatched successfully, but nearly all individuals on plants of B. vulgaris died as neonates or early instar larvae, while 87–100% of the larvae on Chinese cabbage and common cabbage survived to pupation. Dual choice tests with a Y-tube olfactometer showed that volatiles from B. vulgaris were much more attractive to P. xylostella adults than those from common cabbage. The results demonstrate that B. vulgaris has a great potential as a dead-end trap crop for improving management of P. xylostella. Factors that may influence the feasibility of using B. vulgaris as a trap crop in the field are discussed, and ways to utilize this plant are proposed.

scholarly journals Insecticidal Effects of Organotin(IV) Compounds on Plutella Xylostella (L.) Larvae. II. Inhibitory Potencies Against Acetylcholinesterase and Evidence for Synergism in Tests With Bacillus Thuringiensis(BER.) and Malathion

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazni W. Ahmad ◽  
Tay Siew Huang ◽  
S. Balabaskaran ◽  
K. M. Lo ◽  
V. G. Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Ache Inhibition ◽  
Microbial Insecticide ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Features of pesticide synergism and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (in vitro) were studied using a selected range of organotin compounds against the early 4th instar larvae of a highly resistant strain of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, a major universal pest of cruciferous vegetables.Fourteen triorganotin compounds were evaluated for their ability to enhance the toxicity of the microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and of the commercial insecticide, Malathion to Plutella xylostella larvae. Supplemental synergism was observed with triphenyl- and tricyclopentyltin hydroxides in combinations with Bacillus thuringiensis. Increased synergism was observed with an increase in the number of cyclopentyl groups on tin in the mixed series, CypnPh3-n SnX, where X = OH, and 1-(1,2,4-triazolyl). The combination of (p-chlorophenyl)diphenyltin N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate at LD10 and LD25 concentrations with sublethal concentrations of Malathion as well as of tricyclohexyltin methanesulphonate at the 0.01% (w/v) concentration with Malathion exerted strong synergistic effects (supplemental synergism) with toxicity index (T.I) values of 7.2, 19.8 and 10.1, respectively.Studies on the in vitro inhibition of acetylcholinesterase prepared from the DBM larvae showed that while most of the triorganotin Compounds tested were without effect on the enzyme, compounds containing the thiocarbamylacetate or the dithiocarbamylacetate moieties demonstrated appreciable levels of inhibition, being comparable in efficacy to commercial grades of Malathion and Methomyl.

Integrative Model for Binding of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins in Susceptible and Resistant Larvae of the Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella)

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1413-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Ballester ◽  
Francisco Granero ◽  
Bruce E. Tabashnik ◽  
Thomas Malvar ◽  
Juan Ferré
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Competitive Binding ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Crystal Proteins ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis in sprays and transgenic crops are extremely useful for environmentally sound pest management, but their long-term efficacy is threatened by evolution of resistance by target pests. The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is the first insect to evolve resistance to B. thuringiensis in open-field populations. The only known mechanism of resistance to B. thuringiensis in the diamondback moth is reduced binding of toxin to midgut binding sites. In the present work we analyzed competitive binding of B. thuringiensis toxins Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F to brush border membrane vesicles from larval midguts in a susceptible strain and in resistant strains from the Philippines, Hawaii, and Pennsylvania. Based on the results, we propose a model for binding of B. thuringiensis crystal proteins in susceptible larvae with two binding sites for Cry1Aa, one of which is shared with Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F. Our results show that the common binding site is altered in each of the three resistant strains. In the strain from the Philippines, the alteration reduced binding of Cry1Ab but did not affect binding of the other crystal proteins. In the resistant strains from Hawaii and Pennsylvania, the alteration affected binding of Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F. Previously reported evidence that a single mutation can confer resistance to Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F corresponds to expectations based on the binding model. However, the following two other observations do not: the mutation in the Philippines strain affected binding of only Cry1Ab, and one mutation was sufficient for resistance to Cry1Aa. The imperfect correspondence between the model and observations suggests that reduced binding is not the only mechanism of resistance in the diamondback moth and that some, but not all, patterns of resistance and cross-resistance can be predicted correctly from the results of competitive binding analyses of susceptible strains.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Chlorantraniliprole Resistance Development in the Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e72314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsheng Lin ◽  
Fengliang Jin ◽  
Zhendi Hu ◽  
Huanyu Chen ◽  
Fei Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Resistance Development

Behavioral response and adaptive cost in resistant and susceptiblePlutella xylostellato Chlorantraniliprole

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Passos ◽  
C.S.A. Silva-Torres ◽  
H.A.A. Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Male Attraction ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Resistant Strains

AbstractDiamides have been used worldwide to manage the diamondback moth (DBM),Plutella xylostellaL. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), however some strains showed resistance to these molecules. Also, pheromone traps could be used to manage this pest, hence reducing the use of insecticides in the field. Resistant DBM strains may have biological disadvantages in comparison to susceptible strains in areas without sprays, including reduction in fitness or behavioral changes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether DBM strains resistant to chlorantraniliprole showed adaptive costs that could alter male attraction to the sex pheromone, in comparison to susceptible strains in the laboratory and semi-field conditions. First, the LC1, LC10, LC25, and LC50of DBM to chlorantraniliprole were established, which were 0.003, 0.005, 0.007, and 0.011 mg a.i. liter−1, and 5.88, 24.80, 57.22, and 144.87 mg a.i. liter−1for the susceptible and resistant strains, respectively. Development and reproduction of DBM strains subjected to those concentrations were compared. Later, male response to the sex pheromone was investigated in a Y-tube in the laboratory and in a greenhouse to pheromone traps. Resistant DBM strain showed an adaptive cost in comparison to the susceptible strain that can result in a delay in population growth in the field when selection pressure is absent. Conversely, resistant males have no olfactory response alteration in comparison to susceptible males, consistently at 3 (P= 0.6848) and 7 days (P= 0.9140) after release, suggesting that pheromone traps continue to be a viable alternative to manage DBM in an IPM system.

scholarly journals The glutathione S-transferase (PxGST2L) may contribute to the detoxification metabolism of chlorantraniliprole in Plutella xylostella(L.)

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yin ◽  
Qingsheng Lin ◽  
Xiaoxiang Wang ◽  
Zhenyu Li ◽  
Xia Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Cruciferous Plants ◽  
Economic Pest

AbstractThe diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.), is an economic pest of cruciferous plants worldwide, which causes great economic loss to cruciferous plants production. However, the pest has developed resistance to insecticides. One of such insecticides is chlorantraniliprole. The study of the mechanisms underlying resistance is key for the effective management of resistance. In this study, a comparative proteomics approach was used to isolate and identify various proteins that differed between chlorantraniliprole-susceptible and -resistant strains of P. xylostella. Eleven proteins were significantly different and were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Metabolism-related proteins accounted for the highest proportion among the eleven different proteins. The function of the PxGST2L protein was validated by RNAi. Knockdown of PxGST2L reduced the GST activity and increased the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to the diamondback moth. The resistance ratio of diamondback moth to chlorantraniliprole was reduced from 1029 to 505. The results indicated that PxGST2L is partly responsible for chlorantraniliprole insecticide resistance in DBM. Our finding contributes to the understanding of the mechanism underlying resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the DBM, to develop effective resistance management tactics.

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