scholarly journals Genetic variation between mice in their metabolism of coumarin and its derivatives

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Lush ◽  
Kathryn M. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
High Group ◽  
Substrate Specificities ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Methyl Derivatives ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Medium Group

SUMMARYAdult females from 19 strains of mice were injected with either coumarin or 7-ethoxycoumarin and the urinary excretion of the umbelliferone produced by the metabolism of these substances was measured. With the exception of C57L the strains fell into three classes as follows: high metabolizers (DBA/1 and DBA/2), medium metabolizers (CBA, 129/Rr, NZB and NZW) and low metabolizers (the other 12 strains). The difference in metabolizing ability between the medium group and the low group of strains was also evident when the 4-methyl derivatives of the same two substances were used. However with the 4-methyl derivatives there was no difference in metabolizing ability between the medium group and the high group. The results are interpreted as evidence that the gene Coh on chromosome 7 comprises two closely linked genes which determine cytochrome P-450 isozymes with different substrate specificities.

Energy Approximation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Isett
Keyword(s):  
Main Lemma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Scale ◽  
Continuous Solutions ◽  
Material Derivative ◽  
Energy Variation ◽  
Energy Approximation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Derivatives Of

This chapter presents the equations and calculations for energy approximation. It establishes the estimates (261) and (262) of the Main Lemma (10.1) for continuous solutions; these estimates state that we are able to accurately prescribe the energy that the correction adds to the solution, as well as bound the difference between the time derivatives of these two quantities. The chapter also introduces the proposition for prescribing energy, followed by the relevant computations. Each integral contributing to the other term can be estimated. Another proposition for estimating control over the rate of energy variation is given. Finally, the coarse scale material derivative is considered.

The effect of exposure to conspecifics on restlessness in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. King
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

AbstractWhen habitat quality is variable, there should be strong selection for the ability to detect and respond to the variation. Adult females of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) are known to increase their restlessness (the proportion of time in locomotion) both during and after exposure to a poor quality host. Doing so provides a mechanism for leaving a poor host and potentially finding a better host. This study examined whether restlessness also changes in response to competition as indicated by the presence of adult conspecifics. Both restlessness and the probability of dispersing across an inhospitable environment were greater when a female was with another female than when she was alone. However, restlessness did not remain elevated after the other female was removed. In contrast with females, restlessness of males did not increase either during or after exposure to other males, and the probability of dispersing across an inhospitable environment was unaffected by the presence of another male. The difference between females and males may be related to differences in dispersal ability and in the abundance and distribution of hosts versus mates.

The synthesis of the isomeric N-methyl derivatives of murexine

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
CC Duke ◽  
JV Eichholzer ◽  
JK Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Imidazole Ring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Tautomeric Forms ◽  
Methyl Derivatives ◽  
Paramagnetic Ions ◽  
Nucella Emarginata ◽  
Derivatives Of

The two isomeric N-methyl derivatives of murexine have been synthesised by independent routes and shown to be different from an 'N- methylmurexine' reportedly isolated from the mollusc Nucella emarginata. 1H n.m.r. studies have shown a marked difference in the extent of binding to paramagnetic ions of the two N-methyl derivatives of murexine in water while pharmacological results show substantially different pharmacological activities of the two isomers. Both results can be rationalized in terms of the observed activities being associated with the presence of one or the other of the tautomeric forms of the imidazole ring.

Production of phenylacetic acid by Bacteroides melaninogenicus ssp. intermedius serogroup C-1

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
Kaethe P. Ferguson ◽  
William R. Mayberry ◽  
Dwight W. Lambe Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Methyl Derivatives ◽  
Bacteroides Gingivalis ◽  
Derivatives Of

The methyl derivatives of broth cultures of black-pigmented Bacteroides were examined by gas chromatography for production of phenylacetic acid. Two serogroups of B. melaninogenicus ssp. intermedius described by Lambe differed in the ability to produce phenylacetate. Serogroup C failed to produce phenylacetic acid while serogroup C-1 produced small amounts of phenylacetate, which contributed 2.2–5.7% to the total nonvolatile acid profile. Holdeman's newly proposed species "B. intermedius" and "B. corporis" correspond to serogroups C and C-1, respectively. These data support the elevation of the two serogroups of B. melaninogenicus ssp. intermedius to species status. Bacteroides gingivalis produced phenylacetate in significantly larger quantities than B. corporis. Bacteroides melaninogenicus ssp. melaninogenicus, "B. melaninogenicus ssp. levii," and B. asaccharolyticus did not produce phenylacetic acid. These results indicate that phenylacetic acid production may be useful in distinguishing "B. corporis" and B. gingivalis from the other black-pigmented Bacteroides.

Thio derivatives of β-diketones and their metal chelates. XXIV. Dipole moments and mass spectra of chromium(III) chelates of some monothio-β-diketones

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Livingstone ◽  
JE Oluka
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Benzene Solution ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Chloride Hexahydrate ◽  
Static Polarization ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Octahedral Configuration

Chromium(111) chelates of four monothio-β-diketones, RC(SH)=CHCOR? (R = R' = Ph; R = Ph, 2-thienyl, β-naphthyl, R' = CF3), have been prepared by the reaction of chromium(111) chloride hexahydrate with the monothio-β-diketone in alcohol in the presence of urea. The dipole moments of the chromium chelates were determined by static polarization measurements in benzene solution and indicate a facial-octahedral configuration. The mass spectrum of CrL3 (L = PhC(S)=CHCOPh) shows no metal-containing peaks but exhibits metal-free peaks due to the ions 2L-H2S, 2L - H2S- Ph, 2L- H2S - PhCO and 2L- H2S - PhCO - Ph. The mass spectra of the other three chromium chelates display a considerable number of peaks due to metal-containing ions, including M and M - L. The difference in these spectra from those of their cobalt(111), rhodium(111), iron(111) and ruthenium(111) analogues is discussed.

scholarly journals Electrostatic effects on disproportionation equilibria: dihalogeno and methyl derivatives of benzene

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2337-2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Friedl
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transfer Reactions ◽  
Electrostatic Energy ◽  
Benzene Derivatives ◽  
Strong Resonance ◽  
Conformational Equilibria ◽  
Proton Transfer Reactions ◽  
Methyl Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

The disproportionation equilibria of benzene derivatives X—Ph—Y (X, Y = F, Cl, CH3) in the gas phase, were calculated from their enthalpies and entropies of formation at 298 K. Calculations of the electrostatic energy based on the point charges approximation method predict reasonably well the reaction enthalpies of all meta-benzene derivatives and predict nearly as well the other fluoro- and methyl-derivatives. The theory fails if strong resonance and/or steric interactions are present. The generally better ability of the electrostatic theory to treat disproportionation or conformational equilibria than the proton transfer reactions is also discussed.

scholarly journals Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some 1-cyclohexylidine/ cycloheptylidine-4-substitued semicarbazide derivatives

2017 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Alok Jain ◽  
Shailendra Patil ◽  
Asmita Gajbhiye
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Methyl Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Sodium Cyanate

Aryl semicarbazide derivatives are reported to possess anticonvulsant activity. On the other hand unsubstituted and small substituents (less than 3 carbon atom) containing cyclohexanones prevented both pentylenetetrazole and MES induced seizures. Similarly cycloheptanone fused with benzodiazepine and furan produced anticonvulsant compounds. Therefore looking into the above facts in the present study, we have synthesized 12 derivatives of 1-cyclohexylidine/cycloheptylidine-4-substitued semicarbazide derivatives and screened them for anticonvulsant activity. The synthesis of compounds was achieved as follows: The various para substituted (H, CH3, F,Cl,Br, I) anilines were converted to aryl ureas by reacting with sodium cyanate in the presence of glacial acetic acid. These aryl ureas and aryl semicarbazides were synthesized by allowing them to react with hydrazine hydrate. Finally the aryl semicarbazides were condensed with cyclohexanone/ cycloheptanone in the presence of sodium acetate to give title compounds. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity by MES method using carbamazepine as standard and it was observed that all the compounds possess anticonvulsant activity comparable to carbamazepine. Carbamazepine had shown the abolition in the hind limb extensor tonic convulsion after 2 sec. whereas few compounds i.e. 1-cyclohexylidine-4-(4-fluorophenyl) semicarbazide, 1-cycloheptylidine-4-(4- fluorophenyl) semi-carbazide and 1-cycloheptylidine-4-phenylsemicarbazide were more active than standard. Overall it was found that cycloheptyl containing compounds were more active than cyclohexyl containing compounds. The unsubstitued compounds were more active than halo derivatives i.e. electron withdrawing groups, and halo compounds were more active than methyl derivatives i.e. electron donating group (CH3). The order of activity for cyclohexanone and cycloheptanone derivatives is as follows: H >F >Cl >Br >I >CH3. Among the halo derivatives, the activity decreased with increasing molecular weight of halo substituents.

Physical Properties of TCNQ Salts with N-Methyl Derivatives of Pyridine

1982 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Graja ◽  
M. Przybylski ◽  
B. Butka ◽  
R. Swietlik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Methyl Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

Enhancement of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation by Adrenaline in Vivo and Its Prevention

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Tadahiro Sano ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Blood Coagulability ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe authors previously reported a transient decrease in adhesive platelet count and an enhancement of blood coagulability after administration of a small amount of adrenaline (0.1-1 µg per Kg, i. v.) in man and rabbit. In such circumstances, the sensitivity of platelets to aggregation induced by ADP was studied by an optical density method. Five minutes after i. v. injection of 1 µg per Kg of adrenaline in 10 rabbits, intensity of platelet aggregation increased to 115.1 ± 4.9% (mean ± S. E.) by 10∼5 molar, 121.8 ± 7.8% by 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before the injection by 10”6 molar ADP. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01-0.05). The above change was not observed in each group of rabbits injected with saline, 1 µg per Kg of 1-noradrenaline or 0.1 and 10 µg per Kg of adrenaline. Also, it was prevented by oral administration of 10 mg per Kg of phenoxybenzamine or propranolol or aspirin or pyridinolcarbamate 3 hours before the challenge. On the other hand, the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not observed in vitro, when 10-5 or 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before 10∼6 molar ADP was added to citrated platelet rich plasma (CPRP) of rabbit after incubation at 37°C for 30 second with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 µg per ml of adrenaline or noradrenaline. These results suggest an important interaction between endothelial surface and platelets in connection with the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by adrenaline in vivo.

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