sodium acetate
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Molbank ◽  
10.3390/m1317 ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
pp. M1317
Author(s):  
Yuliya E. Ryzhkova ◽  
Varvara M. Kalashnikova ◽  
Fedor V. Ryzhkov ◽  
Michail N. Elinson

Michael addition–halogenation–intramolecular ring-closing (MHIRC) reactions are processes in which a halogen atom as a leaving group can attach to substrates or reactants during the reaction, which then undergoes intramolecular ring closure. In this communication the MHIRC transformation of 4-benzylidene-3-phenylisoxazol-5(4H)-one and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide and sodium acetate in EtOH at room temperature was carefully investigated to give novel 1,3-dimethyl-3′,5-diphenyl-1,5-dihydro-2H,5′H-spiro[furo[2,3-d]pyrimi- dine-6,4′-isoxazole]-2,4,5′(3H)-trione in a good yield. The structure of the new compound was confirmed by the results of elemental analysis as well as mass, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman M. Sayed ◽  
Reda Hassanien ◽  
Nasser Farhan ◽  
Hanan F. Aly ◽  
Khaled Mahmoud ◽  
...  

Abstract Regioselective cyclocondensation of 2,4-diacetyl-5-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(3-nitrophenyl/4-nitrophenyl)cyclohexanones 1a,b with cyanothioacetamide afforded the corresponiing 7-acetyl-4-cyano-1,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-8-(3-nitrophenyl/4-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-soquinoline-3(2H)-thiones 2a,b in 93-96% yield. Reaction of compounds 2a,b with some ethyl iodide, 2-chloroacetamide (4a) or its N-aryl derivatives 4b-e by refluxing in ethanol, in the presence of slightly excess molar amounts of sodium acetate trihydrate, for one hour gave 3-ethylthio-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-isoquinoline 3 and (5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-ylthio)acetamides 5a-i, respectively. On heating compounds 5b-d,f,g in ethanol containing a catalytic amount of sodium carbonate, they converted into their isomeric 1-amino- 6,7,8,9-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]isoquinoline-2-carboxamides 6b-d,f,g. Structural formulae of all synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of their elemental analyses and spectroscopic data. Also, the biological evaluation of the synthesized isoquinolines as anticancer and antioxidant agents have been carried out and the obtained results are reported herein.


2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. H. Schroeder ◽  
Joanna Aizenberg

AbstractThe crystallization of metastable liquid phase change materials releases stored energy as latent heat upon nucleation and may therefore provide a triggerable means of activating downstream processes that respond to changes in temperature. In this work, we describe a strategy for controlling the fast, exothermic crystallization of sodium acetate from a metastable aqueous solution into trihydrate crystals within a polyacrylamide hydrogel whose polymerization state has been patterned using photomasks. A comprehensive experimental study of crystal shapes, crystal growth front velocities and evolving thermal profiles showed that rapid growth of long needle-like crystals through unpolymerized solutions produced peak temperatures of up to 45˚C, while slower-crystallizing polymerized solutions produced polycrystalline composites and peaked at 30˚C due to lower rates of heat release relative to dissipation in these regions. This temperature difference in the propagating heat waves, which we describe using a proposed analytical model, enables the use of this strategy to selectively activate thermoresponsive processes in predefined areas.


Synthesis ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengniu Wang ◽  
Jing Dong ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Xi Zhao ◽  
Dawei Xu

Herein, a palladium-catalyzed semi-hydrogenation of alkynes to E- and Z-alkenes employing EtOH as hydrogenating agents was reported. The selectivity of the reaction system was effectively controlled by ligand/additive and solvent regulation. The use of sodium acetate/triethanolamine (NaOAc/TEOA), THF and (1R,2R)-bis[(2-methoxypheny)phenyl- phosphino]ethane ((R,R)-DIPAMP), CH3CN was critical for the stereoselective semihydrogenation of alkynes. The general applicability of this procedure was highlighted by the synthesis of more than 36 alkenes, with good yields and high stereoselectivities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Soo Hyun Kim ◽  
Han Ju Yoo ◽  
Eun Ji Park ◽  
Dong Hee Na

Nano differential scanning fluorimetry (nanoDSF) is a high-throughput protein stability screening technique that simultaneously monitors protein unfolding and aggregation properties. The thermal stability of immunoglobulin G (IgG) was investigated in three different buffers (sodium acetate, sodium citrate, and sodium phosphate) ranging from pH 4 to 8. In all three buffers, the midpoint temperature of thermal unfolding (Tm) showed a tendency to increase as the pH increased, but the aggregation propensity was different depending on the buffer species. The best stability against aggregation was obtained in the sodium acetate buffers below pH 4.6. On the other hand, IgG in the sodium citrate buffer had higher aggregation and viscosity than in the sodium acetate buffer at the same pH. Difference of aggregation between acetate and citrate buffers at the same pH could be explained by a protein–protein interaction study, performed with dynamic light scattering, which suggested that intermolecular interaction is attractive in citrate buffer but repulsive in acetate buffer. In conclusion, this study indicates that the sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.6 is suitable for IgG formulation, and the nanoDSF method is a powerful tool for thermal stability screening and optimal buffer selection in antibody formulations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Dionisio Badagliacco ◽  
Vincenzo Fiore ◽  
Carmelo Sanfilippo ◽  
Antonino Valenza

This paper aims to investigate the ability of an eco-friendly and cheap treatment based on sodium acetate solutions to improve the mechanical properties of flax fiber-reinforced composites. Flax fibers were treated for 5 days (i.e., 120 h) at 25 °C with mildly alkaline solutions at 5%, 10% and 20% weight content of the sodium salt. Quasi-static tensile and flexural tests, Charpy impact tests and dynamical mechanical thermal (DMTA) tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) was used to evaluate the chemical modification on the fibers surface due to the proposed treatment, whereas scanning electron microscope (SEM) and helium pycnometry were used to get useful information about the morphology of composites. It was found that the treatment with 5% solution of sodium acetate leads to the best mechanical performance and morphology of flax fiber-reinforced composites. SEM analysis confirmed these findings highlighting that composites reinforced with flax fibers treated in 5% sodium acetate solution show an improved morphology compared to the untreated ones. On the contrary, detrimental effects on the morphology as well as on the mechanical performance of composites were achieved by increasing the salt concentration of the treating solution.


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