Point estimation and graphical inference of marginal 

dominance for two viability loci controlling inbreeding depression

A deterministic analysis is conducted to examine marginal dominance for two linked viability loci influencing inbreeding depression and its graphical inferences. Four estimators of marginal dominance are derived, assuming a biallelic marker locus completely linked to one of the viability loci, and the biases in expected estimates due to the other deleterious locus are discussed. Three conditions under which apparent partial dominance or underdominance could occur are found, i.e. when two multiplicative, partially recessive loci are linked in coupling phase and when two synergistic, highly overdominant loci are linked in coupling or repulsion phases. Expected frequencies of the three marker genotypes in selfed progeny are derived, considering two linkage phases, two types of marker locus position with respect to the viability loci, and the multiplicative and synergistic fitness models. Segregation ratios are generated for the marker locus linked to either two overdominant or partially recessive loci and plotted in gene action graphs to examine the robustness of the graphical inferences of gene action due to the presence of an additional linked viability locus. Under a multiplicative fitness model, the presence of an additional partially recessive or overdominant locus in the vicinity of the marker locus does not greatly affect the graphical inferences of the relative role of partially recessive or overdominant genes in expression of inbreeding depression. A marker linked to two synergistic, highly overdominant loci can behave as though linked to a partially recessive, partially dominant or underdominant locus, even with relatively weak synergism.

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Evidence for the partial dominance of viability genes contributing to inbreeding depression in Mimulus guttatus.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/136.1.323 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 136 (1) ◽

pp. 323-331

Author(s):

Y B Fu ◽

K Ritland

Keyword(s):

Inbreeding Depression ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Mimulus Guttatus ◽

Selfed Progeny ◽

Partial Dominance ◽

Complete Dominance ◽

Model Free ◽

Segregation Ratios ◽

Marker Loci ◽

In The Wild

Abstract The relative importance of different modes of gene expression of viability genes contributing to inbreeding depression was investigated in the wild plant, Mimulus guttatus. Viability genes were identified by self-fertilizing 31 outbred plants, each heterozygous for three to nine unlinked allozyme markers, and analyzing segregation ratios of selfed progeny at maturity for deviations from 1:2:1 ratios. In this study, 24 linkages of viability genes to marker loci were detected. To infer the nature of gene action for these viability genes, a "model-free" graphical method was developed that examines the "space" of segregation ratios allowed by each of seven selection models (i.e., overdominance, complete recessivity, partial recessivity, additivity, partial dominance, complete dominance and underdominance). Using this method, we found that, of 24 linkages detected, 18 were consistent with either partial dominance, complete dominance or underdominance. Six were consistent with either partial recessivity, complete recessivity or overdominance. This finding indicates that, in these chromosomal segments identified by allozyme markers, partial dominance plays the predominant role in inbreeding depression. This is inconsistent with either the dominance or overdominance hypotheses proposed to account for inbreeding depression.

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Marker-based inferences about fecundity genes contributing to inbreeding depression in Mimulus guttatus

Genome ◽

10.1139/g94-142 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 1005-1010 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yong-Bi Fu ◽

Kermit Ritland

Keyword(s):

Genetic Markers ◽

Inbreeding Depression ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Mimulus Guttatus ◽

Selfed Progeny ◽

Partial Dominance ◽

Number Of Genes ◽

Isozyme Loci ◽

Deleterious Genes

Eight unlinked isozyme loci were used as genetic markers to characterize fecundity genes contributing to inbreeding depression in two selfed progeny arrays of Mimulus guttatus. Five fecundity traits were measured. Six of eight marked chromosomal segments were significantly associated with the expression of these traits. The number of genes detected for five traits in two progeny arrays varied, with an average of 2.8 genes per trait. Individual segments explained 1.44–9.29%, and together accounted for 3.85–11.32%, of phenotypic variation. Of 20 significant associations, 10 could be interpreted as exhibiting partial dominance, 7 overdominance, 3 partial recessivity, and 0 underdominance. Significant pairwise epistasis was rare. The results of this study suggest that inbreeding depression is caused by many deleterious genes of relatively small, partially dominant effects.Key words: linkage, isozymes, QTLs, inbreeding depression, Mimulus guttatus.

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Using Magnetometry to Understand the Relative Role of Magnetic Particles in Co-Based Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C ◽

10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c04718 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anne Marie Esposito ◽

Alexis Magaña ◽

Eric S. Thornburg ◽

Richard T. Haasch ◽

Hong Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽

Oxygen Reduction ◽

Magnetic Particles ◽

Reduction Reaction ◽

Relative Role

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Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Remission at Long-term Following Biliopancreatic Diversion: the Relative Role of Different Metabolic Attitudes

Obesity Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11695-021-05414-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gian Franco Adami ◽

Renzo Cordera

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Biliopancreatic Diversion ◽

Diabetes Remission ◽

Relative Role ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Remission

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Relative role of external debt, FDI, and domestic investment in economic growth: evidence from Sri Lanka

International Journal of Economic Policy Studies ◽

10.1007/s42495-021-00061-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Biswajit Maitra

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

External Debt ◽

Relative Role ◽

Domestic Investment

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Differences between male and female rats in the regulation of hepatic glycogenolysis. The relative role of calcium and cAMP in phosphorylase activation by catecholamines.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34286-8 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 257 (14) ◽

pp. 7987-7993 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R K Studer ◽

A B Borle

Keyword(s):

Female Rats ◽

Relative Role ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats

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The Role of Frost Processes in the Retreat of River Banks

Water ◽

10.3390/w13131812 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 1812

Author(s):

Karol Augustowski ◽

Józef Kukulak

Keyword(s):

Relative Role ◽

Freezing And Thawing ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Fluvial Processes ◽

Precise Calculation ◽

Erosion Pins ◽

Summer Half ◽

Lateral Erosion ◽

Summer Flood

The rate of bank retreat was measured using erosion pins on the alluvial banks of the rivers in the Podhale region (the boundary zone between Central and Outer Carpathians) during the hydrological year 2013/2014. During the winter half-year (November–April), the bank retreat was mainly caused by processes related to the freezing and thawing of the ground (swelling, creep, downfall). During the summer half-year (May–October), fluvial processes and mass movements such as lateral erosion, washing out, and sliding predominated. The share of fluvial processes in the total annual amount of bank retreat (71 cm on average) was 4 times greater than that of the frost phenomena. Erosion on bank surfaces by frost phenomena during the cold half-year was greatest (up to 38 cm) on the upper parts of banks composed of fine-grained alluvium, while fluvial erosion during the summer half-year (exceeding 80 cm) mostly affected the lower parts of the banks, composed of gravel. The precise calculation of the relative role of frost phenomena in the annual balance of bank erosion was precluded at some stations by the loss of erosion pins in the summer flood.

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Grain Boundary Segregation in Titanium Dioxide: Evaluation of Relative Driving Forces for Segregation

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-751-z4.6 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 751 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qinglei Wang ◽

Guoda D. Lian ◽

Elizabeth C. Dickey

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Boundary Segregation ◽

Solute Segregation ◽

Dielectric Behavior ◽

Relative Role ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Fundamental Phenomenon ◽

Versus Strain

ABSTRACTSolute segregation to grain boundaries is a fundamental phenomenon in polycrystalline metal-oxide electroceramics that has enormous implications for the macroscopic dielectric behavior of the materials. This paper presents a systematic study of solute segregation in a model dielectric, titanium dioxide. We investigate the relative role of the electrostatic versus strain energy driving forces for segregation by studying yttrium-doped specimens. Through analytical transmission electron microscopy studies, we quantitatively determine the segregation behavior of the material. The measured Gibbsian interfacial excesses are compared to thermodynamic predictions.

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