The capability of the predacious fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora (Hyphomycetales) to reduce numbers of infective larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi (Trichostrongylidae) in cow pats and herbage during the grazing season in Denmark

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grønvold ◽  
P. Nansen ◽  
S. A. Henriksen ◽  
J. Thylin ◽  
J. Wolstrup
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Arthrobotrys Oligospora ◽  
Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽  
Significant Lowering ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Infective Larvae

AbstractArtificially prepared cow pats containing Ostertagia ostertagi eggs were deposited on two pasture plots in May, June and July 1986. Half of the cow pats, placed on one plot, were inoculated with 2000 conidia per gram faeces of the predacious fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. On the other plot fungus-free control cow pats were placed at the same time. In the faeces generally fewer infective O. ostertagi larvae developed in the inoculated than in the control cow pats. On the herbage around the control cow pats deposited in May, June and July a maxium concentration of infective larvae was found at the same time on the 6th of August 1986. At that time the herbage larval infectivity around inoculated cow pats deposited in May, June and July was subject to a reduction of 48%, 89% and 46%, respectively, compared with fungus-free control cow pats. This experiment indicates that a concentration of 2000 A. oligospora conidia per gram faeces results in a significant lowering of the herbage larval infectivity during the grazing season in Denmark.

Biological control of Ostertagia ostertagi by feeding selected nematode-trapping fungi to calves

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grønvold ◽  
J. Wolstrup ◽  
M. Larsen ◽  
S. A. Henriksen ◽  
P. Nansen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Arthrobotrys Oligospora ◽  
Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽  
Infective Larvae

AbstractThree nematode-trapping fungi, one Arthrobotrys oligospora and two Duddingtonia flagrans isolates, were fed to Ostertagia ostertagi-infected calves to test their ability to destroy larvae of this parasite in faeces and consequently to reduce the transmission of infective larvae to herbage. The fungi had previously been selected for their capability to pass the alimentary tract of cattle without losing growth and nematode-trapping potentials. Dung was collected from three calves each fed one of the three fungi and placed as 1-kg cow pats on a parasite-free grass plot together with control cow pats from a calf that was not given fungi. The cow pats contained comparable concentrations of parasite eggs. The two D. flagrans isolates were highly effective in that they reduced herbage larval infectivity by 74–85%. In contrast, A. oligospora did not show any effect in the present experiment. Field experiments will demonstrate if D. flagrans represents a potential organism for biological control of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes under practical agricultural management conditions.

Predatory Activity of Nematode Trapping Fungi against the Larvae of Trichostrongylus axei and Ostertagia ostertagi: A Possible Method of Biological Control

1973 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Arthrobotrys Oligospora ◽  
Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Infective Larvae

Growth rate and activity of 10 nematode trapping fungi, (Hyphomycetes)—Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylaria brochopaga, D. gamsospora, D. polycephala, D. thaumasia, D. vermicola, Monacrosporium (Dactylella) bembicodes, M. {D.) cionopaga, M. {D.) ellipsospora, Trichothecium cystosporium—against the infective larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi and Trichostrongylus axei were studied. Species forming adhesive networks grew faster than the others. Species producing adhesive knobs, adhesive branches and constricting rings were, in general, slow growers.

Attempts to control infection with Ostertagia ostertagi (Trichostrongylidae) in grazing calves by adding mycelium of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora (Hyphomycetales) to cow pats

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grønvold ◽  
S. A. Henriksen ◽  
P. Nansen ◽  
J. Wolstrup ◽  
J. Thylin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Serum Pepsinogen ◽  
Arthrobotrys Oligospora ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
The One

ABSTRACTArtificially prepared cow pats containing Ostertagia ostertagi eggs were deposited on two comparable grazing plots at weekly intervals during June and July 1987. Before deposition the cow pats, on the one plot, were inoculated with 0·250 g mycelial fragments per kg of faeces of the predacious fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. On the other control plot comparable numbers of non-inoculated cow pats were placed at the same time. Subsequently, in July, two equal groups of calves were turned out one on each plot to graze for two months after which they were necropsied. The number of infective O. ostertagi larvae in inoculated cow pats was reduced by 42% and herbage larval infectivity around them by 50–71% as compared with the corresponding parameters in control pats and surrounding herbage. After a grazing period of two months the calves on the plot with inoculated cow pats had acquired worm burdens that were on average 37% lower than those of calves on the control plot. The lower degree of parasitism in these calves was also reflected in lower egg counts, lower serum pepsinogen levels and higher body weight.

Continued susceptibility of Ostertagia ostertagi infective larvae to morantel tartrate

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (21) ◽  
pp. 472-472
Author(s):  
M. Tornquist ◽  
R. Purnell ◽  
S. Tolling
Keyword(s):  
Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽  
Infective Larvae

Observations on the faecal egg count of calves naturally infected with Ostertagia ostertagi

Parasitology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Curve Fitting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽  
Logarithmic Curve ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Early Peak ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Fitting In

The faecal egg counts of seven groups of calves exposed to infection with O. ostertagi on pastures were found to follow a similar course to those of calves experimentally infected on one occasion or of calves infected daily. They declined from an early peak according to an apparently logarithmic curve. It was concluded that faecal egg counts were largely independent of worm numbers and tended to follow a stereotyped pattern. Acute clinical ostertagiasis was as liable to lead to high egg counts as was poor thriving due to the other causes. The relevance of these findings to the epidemiology of ostertagiasis and to the use of faecal egg counts in the diagnosis of parasitic gastro-enteritis are discussed.The author thanks Miss C. N. Herbert for the calculations and curve fitting in this paper.

In vitro trapping capability of Arthrobotrys spp. on infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Nacobbus aberrans

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mendoza-de Gives ◽  
E. Zavaleta-Mejia ◽  
D. Herrera-Rodriguez ◽  
H. Quiróz-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Arthrobotrys Oligospora ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Nacobbus Aberrans

AbstractThe trapping capability of Arthrobotrys oligospora and A. conoides (Hyphomycetales) against third stage larvae (L3) of Haemonchus contortus (Trichostrongylidae) was evaluated in an in vitro trial. Arthrobotrys oligospora showed a 35.87% and 25.71% trapping effectiveness against H. contortus infective larvae at 18 and 25°C, respectively; whereas the trapping capability of A. conoides was 92.17% and 90.40% at the same temperatures, respectively. Microscopic examination demonstrated that A. conoides spontaneously developed a large quantity of three-dimensional loops before the nematodes were added. Neither of the two species studied developed three-dimensional adhesive loops at 30°C, consequently no trapped nematode was observed. In a second trial, the trapping capability of A. conoides against H. contortus (L3) and second stage larvae (J2) of Nacobbus aberrans (Pratylenchidae), was evaluated at 25°C. The trapping capability shown by A. conoides was higher than 90% for both kinds of nematode. The possible use of A. conoides to control ovine haemonchosis is discussed.

Arrested development of Ostertagia ostertagi: effect of the exposure of infective larvae to natural spring conditions of the Humid Pampa (Argentina)

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Lützelschwab ◽  
C.A. Fiel ◽  
S.I. Pedonesse ◽  
R. Najle ◽  
E. Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arrested Development ◽  
Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Natural Spring

Behavioural manifestations of dairy cattle in the pasture-based system

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Jarmila Voříšková ◽  
Karel Beneš ◽  
Milan Kobes ◽  
Jan Pozdíšek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Grazing Period

Abstract A pasture-based system for dairy cattle is not common due to the need for milking, despite the fact that this system provides the possibility of natural animal behaviour. Six behavioural observations were carried out during the grazing season in dairy herds bred in a mountainous area (700 m a. s. l.) The basic herd was comprised of 53 cows, mainly of the Holstein breed. From April to November the herd was located on pastures near the stables and milked twice a day in a tandem milking parlour. Feed ration was composed of pasture and concentrated feed in the stable. During the grazing season, there was a slight variation with a tendency to extend the grazing period to the autumn months. The cattle grazed the shortest time in May - 35.0% of the day or 8.4 hours. In the autumn months the grazing time increased by 2.2 and 2.6 hours respectively. Cows were resting the longest time period in May and June (8.9 and 9.1 h respectively). On the other hand, cows were resting for the shortest time in October (6.8 hours). During the grazing period the milk yield decreased from 20.4 kg in April to 14.4 kg in November.

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