Studies on the production of middle-ear effusion in the experimental animal

1981 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 987-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamsheed A. Khan ◽  
John C. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Tube Obstruction ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft ◽  
Ear Effusion ◽  
Entire Procedure

AbstractMiddle-ear effusions have been produced following eustachian tube obstruction in guinea pigs. This was achieved by plugging the pharyngeal orifice of the tube by an atraumatic lateral transpalatal incision. General anaesthesia was used throughout the entire procedure. The presence of fluid in the middle-ear cavity was determined by observing:(a) The appearance of pallor of the drum.(b) Retraction of the tympanic membrance.(c) Cloudiness of the tympanic bullae on radiographs obtained at weekly intervals, confirmed by:(d) Subsequent myringotomy.Serial smears of the induced effusions showed an absence of chronic inflammatory cells except in the case of one animal which developed bacterial otitis media. The presence of secretory cells was demonstrated in the actual epithelial layer and lamina propria but no discrete glands were found. Squamous metaplasia of the lining of the middle-ear cleft was noted. The fluid from the tympanic cavity appeared watery, faintly turbid and non-mucoid, and resembled the serious type of effusion found in man.

Tegmental dehiscence and brain herniation into the middle ear cleft

1991 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Golding-Wood ◽  
H. O. L. Williams ◽  
G. B. Brookes
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Conductive Hearing Loss ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Sepsis Diagnosis ◽  
Tegmen Tympani ◽  
Conductive Hearing ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft ◽  
Ear Effusion

AbstractThe tegmen tympani may occasionally be breached by herniation of the temporal lobe with or without dural cover. The clinical presentation may be obvious with CSF otorrhoea but less so with apparent middle ear effusion, CSF rhinnorrhoea, conductive hearing loss, recurrrent meningitis or intracranial sepsis. Diagnosis requires suspicion of the condition, which may be aided by radiological imaging. Surgical repair is to be recommended: various techniques are available but bone enveloped by fascia placed by subtemporal approach is preferred. The features of this problem are highlighted by four cases.

Middle Ear Effusions

1973 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goro Mogi ◽  
Shoichi Honjo ◽  
Toyoharu Yoshida ◽  
Shoichi Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Chronic Type ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Diffusion Analysis ◽  
Ear Effusion ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

Quantitative analysis of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) by radial immunodiffusion technique and double diffusion analysis of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) were performed on specimens of middle ear effusion for the purpose of investigating the nature of middle ear effusion. Specimens consisted of 34 serous (15 acute and 19 chronic type) and 15 mucoid effusions (9 acute and 6 chronic type). Mean values of the IgG level in effusions and sera of each category were nearly the same. The IgA concentrations of mucoid effusions were significantly higher than those in serous effusions. Mean values of the IgM level in effusions of acute and chronic cases of both categories were lower than those in the sera. SIgA was found in 9 out of 34 (26.5%) serous effusions, while 14 out of 15 (93.3%) mucoid effusions were found to have SIgA. Results of this study suggest that middle ear effusion is a mixture of the transudate from the serum and of secretion by secretory cells present in the mucosa of the middle ear cavity; and that the nature of the mucoid effusion is similar to exudate, while the serous effusion for the most part comes from the serum.

Experimental Otitis Media following Middle Ear Inoculation of Nonviable Streptococcus Pneumoniae

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth H. Lowell ◽  
S. K. Juhn ◽  
G. Scott Giebink
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft ◽  
Ear Effusion

The pathogenesis of otitis media is poorly understood, and the events leading to bacterial invasion of the middle ear cleft and resulting inflammation are a matter of conjecture. While Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent microbe cultured from acute, purulent middle ear effusions, it is infrequently cultured from nonsuppurative serous and mucoid effusion. To explore the possibility that nonviable pneumococci persisting in the middle ear cleft might produce mucosal inflammation, a solution of heat-killed pneumococci was placed in the middle ear cavity of experimental animals. Mucoperiosteal pathology which followed inoculation included an active, early subepithelial inflammatory response, metaplasia of the lining epithelium and later new bone formation. Thus, nonviable pneumococci are capable of producing middle ear inflammation, and it is possible that persistence of whole nonviable organisms or subcellular components in either middle ear effusion or mucoperiosteum may lead to continued middle ear inflammation or nonsuppurative otitis media.

scholarly journals Postoperative results of ventilation tube insertion: a retrospective multicenter study for suggestion of grading system of otitis media with effusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Il Song ◽  
Byung Chul Kang ◽  
Chol Ho Shin ◽  
Yun Suk An ◽  
Tae Su Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Ventilation Tube ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Tube Insertion ◽  
Postoperative Results ◽  
Ear Effusion

Abstract Background In otitis media with effusion (OME), it is important to know when to surgically intervene and when careful monitoring is more appropriate. This study aimed to visualize and classify the clinical manifestations of OME and the correlation between the new grading system and postoperative results after ventilation tube insertion (VTI). Methods We classified the collective 1,012 ears from 506 patients into six groups: grade 0 (no effusion), grade I (scant effusion, but abnormal), grade II (effusion less than half of the tympanic cavity), grade III (effusion over half of the tympanic cavity, with air bubbles), grade IV (complete effusion), and grade V (retracted tympanic membrane or hemotympanum without air bubbles). Results The mean age at VTI was 5.2 (±2.9) years and mean duration between diagnosis and operation was 4.1 (±1.8) months. Between the grades, the nature of the middle ear effusion was also significantly different (p < 0.001). The duration of ventilation tube retention after VTI was significantly different when compared between two groups: grade I-IV and grade V (p = 0.019). Our results showed that the recurrence rate, as well as rate of revision VTI, increased as the grade increased (p < 0.001). Conclusions The new grading system of OME using endoscopic otoscope evaluation had a significant correlation with the age at VTI, the nature of middle ear effusion, the recurrence rate of OME, and the rate of revision VTI.

Induction of Mucous Cell Metaplasia by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Rat Middle Ear: The Pathological Basis for Mucin Hyperproduction in Mucoid Otitis Media

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Haruta ◽  
Patricia A. Schachern ◽  
Hirokazu Kawano ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsuboi ◽  
Michael M. Paparella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Mucous Cell ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Mucin Production ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft ◽  
Ear Effusion

Mucoid otitis media (MOM), one of the leading causes of acquired hearing loss in children, is characterized by mucous cell hyperplasia in the middle ear cleft associated with mucin accumulation in the middle ear cavity. The factors that stimulate mucous cell metaplasia-hyperplasia and mucin hyperproduction are poorly understood. Recent studies demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α), present in human middle ear effusion, stimulated mucin production in vitro and up-regulated mucin gene expression in vivo. These findings suggest that TNF-α is important in the development of mucous cell metaplasia-hyperplasia. This study demonstrated that inoculation of TNF-α into the middle ear cavity followed by eustachian tube obstruction stimulated mucous cell metaplasia-hyperplasia in the middle ear cleft, accompanied by abundant mucin or mucin-like glycoproteins in the middle ear effusion — a phenotype of MOM in humans. This finding suggests that TNF-α plays a key role in the pathogenesis of MOM through induction of mucous cell metaplasia-hyperplasia and mucin production.

A Clinical Research Form for Use in the Documentation of Middle Ear Effusion

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Yankelowitz ◽  
Judith Gravel ◽  
Ina Wallace ◽  
Pekka Karma
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Ear Effusion

Antibacterial Therapy and Middle Ear Effusions

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Shurin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Acute Attacks ◽  
Ear Effusion

Antimicrobial drugs chosen for their activity against the causative pathogens of otitis media provide effective treatment for acute attacks. Prolonged administration of some of these agents has recently been shown to be of value in the prevention of symptomatic otitis. The role of drug therapy in the management of chronic or recurrent middle ear effusion is unknown at present.

scholarly journals Wideband acoustic transfer functions predict middle-ear effusion

2012 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Ellison ◽  
Michael Gorga ◽  
Edward Cohn ◽  
Denis Fitzpatrick ◽  
Chris A. Sanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Ear Effusion
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