scholarly journals Regular and compositional aspects of NPN constructions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
TORODD KINN
Keyword(s):  
Basic Structure ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
The Core ◽  
Count Nouns ◽  
Widespread View

The article proposes a novel analysis of NPN constructions, exemplified by English expressions like back to back and year after year. An NPN is typically composed of two identical bare singular count nouns with a preposition between them. Previous research tends to treat NPNs as highly idiosyncratic. While acknowledging some idiosyncrasies, the present contribution shows that NPNs exhibit a considerable degree of regularity and compositionality. A widespread view that bare singulars normally do not function as arguments is shown to rest on weak foundations. As a consequence, the present approach is able to show that NPNs are, at the core, NPs with PP modifiers. Nominal NPNs have this basic structure, while adverbial NPNs involve an extra layer of semantics and are exocentric constructions. A distinction between nominal types and instances is employed to account for the semantics of bare singulars. NPNs exhibit two kinds of emergent meanings, leading to chain NPNs and twin NPNs. The different semantic structures of these NPN subtypes explain why some NPNs can have nominal in addition to adverbial functions. The data comes mostly from Norwegian. Details differ between languages, but central parts of the analyses can be assumed to hold for other languages as well.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT FORM - NEW IMPROVEMENT OF ACTIONS: CONCENTRATION AND RESEARCH AREAS / CURRICULUM STRUCTURE / FUNDRAISING

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Iracema MP Calderon
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Report ◽  
The Core ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Curriculum Structure ◽  
Core Subjects ◽  
Curricular Structure

Objective: This review aims to develop a critical and current analysis of the basic structure of a Postgraduate program for proposing improvement actions and new evaluation criteria. Method: To examine the items that are areas of concentration (AC), research lines (LP), research projects (PP), curricular structure and fundraising were consulted the Area Document, the 2013 Evaluation Report and the Assessment Sheets of Medicine III programs, evaluated in the 2010-2012 period. Results: Consistency is recommended especially among AC, LP and PP, with genuine link between activities and permanent teachers skills and based on structured curriculum in the education of the student. The Program Proposal interfere, and much, in qualifying a program. The curriculum should provide subsidy to the formation of the researcher, through the core subjects, and development of PP, being the concept of disciplines to support lines and research projects. Fundraise should be set out in research projects and in the CV-Lattes. The area recommended that at least 40-50% of permanent teachers present fundraising and the minimum 20-25% of these teachers to have productivity scholarship PQ / CNPq during the triennium. Conclusion: It is necessary to promote wide discussion and find a consensus denominator for these issues. The actions should contribute to the improvement of evaluation forms and certainly for the qualification of the programs but graduate.

The EU Response to Criminal Misuse of Cryptocurrencies: The Young, already Outdated 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-251
Author(s):  
Valentina Covolo
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Business Models ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Us ◽  
New Business ◽  
New Business Models ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Combatting criminal misuse of cryptocurrencies was at the core of the fatf agenda under the US Presidency, culminating in June 2019 with the thorough extension of international standards against money laundering over virtual assets’ markets. This echoed the first legislative measure regulating virtual currencies adopted by the EU a year before. Directive 2018/843, better known as the 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive, fails however to address key technological breakthroughs and new business models, which continuously make the ever-growing and fast-paced crypto economy evolve. Against this background, the present contribution investigates shortfalls and challenges that lay ahead in the light of the new fatf Recommendations. It ultimately argues that the preventive anti-money laundering measures cannot dispense with the establishment of a cross-border integrated supervisory and enforcement system.

A Theory of Rights

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-99
Author(s):  
Alec D. Walen
Keyword(s):  
Basic Structure ◽  
Means Principle ◽  
The Core

This chapter covers the theory of rights that sits at the core of this book. It starts with an account of the purpose of rights, the three principles that ground the space of rights, and the basic structure of rights, known as the mechanics of claims. Next, it gives a more formal account of what is meant by the mechanics of claims. It then contrasts it with the infringement model. Finally, it introduces, explains, and defends the restricting claims principle, which, in turn, can be used to defend a key principle in deontology: the means principle, that is, the principle that it is particularly hard to justify using another as a means if doing so imposes some cost on him, unless he has waived or forfeited his right not to be so used.

Projection and Phrase Structure

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brody
Keyword(s):  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
Generalized Projection ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lexical Items

Perfect Syntax dispenses with the idea of externally forced imperfections in syntax. This article presents a system of principles relating (L) LF representations and lexical items that aims to be compatible with this assumption. The core of this theory is that phrase structures are viewed as projection lines (lexical items and their projections) linked by an Insert relation. This explains uniqueness and locality of projection, the fact that phrases and nonphrasal elements can immediately dominate each other only when they are part of the same projection line, and most effects of the “target projects” requirement. I attribute a residue to the Generalized Projection Principle, for which I also provide an explanation. In addition, I explore various consequences of the present approach for the Move/Chain relation.

Automatic Batch Extraction of Specific Content of HTML Based on Tag Locations

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 3826-3830
Author(s):  
Yi Tao Chi ◽  
Ping Guo ◽  
Hao Jiang Gao ◽  
Xiu Bao Zhang ◽  
Zhi Guang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Slow Speed ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Batch Extraction ◽  
The Core ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Automatic Batch

HTML is utilized widely in web information description and exhibition. Although new technologies continue appearing during the HTML history, the basic structure and principal of HTML remains the same and HTML is still an important part for tasks such as web development and even dynamic page exhibition. We currently have mainly two types of parsers for HTML, SAX and DOM. The problem is that, the former is driven by parsing events but can only access the nodes sequentially with a slow speed, and the latter should load the whole document into memory and will consume a lot of space. In order to solve such problem, we proposed an automatic batch extraction method for specific content of HTML based on tag locations. The extraction process can be divided to two main steps, the first step is locating the start and end positions of HTML tags, the second step is finding the desired content based on the location of tags and corresponding attribute information. The first step is the core of the whole process. An example of extraction of specific content of a search result page verifies the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm can be further used for advanced tasks such as data mining and knowledge base establishment.

The Design of Intelligent Voltage Monitoring System Terminal

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 546-550
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Xun Wang ◽  
Jing Sen Li
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Software Design ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
The Core ◽  
Competitive Strength ◽  
Time Stamps ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
The Cost

This paper begins with introduction the basic structure, functional modules and working principle of the intelligent voltage monitoring system terminal. Then, this article discussed detail the core modules such as data acquisition, storage, time stamps and send. The product uses a modular design concept, and greatly simplifies the difficulty of hardware and software design, reduce the cost of the product, it has a strong competitive strength.

scholarly journals A Study of types and core constituents of Acehnese relative clauses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 397-410
Author(s):  
Denni Iskandar ◽  
Mulyadi Mulyadi ◽  
Khairina Nasution ◽  
Ridwan Hanafiah
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
The Core ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Relative Pronouns ◽  
Chinese Mandarin

This research aims to determine and explain the types and the core constituents of Acehnese relative clauses which so far have not been thoroughly discussed. To collect data for this study, a direct elicitation technique is used, and the data is then analyzed through a qualitative descriptive technique. The results showed that the relative clauses in Acehnese were clauses embedded as modifiers of noun phrases. Similar to the relative clauses’ theory proposed by experts in the Acehnese, there are five types of relative clauses: relativization of subject, relativization of predicate, relativization of object, relativization of possessive, and relativization of noun. Relative clauses in Acehnese are formed by connecting core nouns and relative clauses through the connecting word ‘nyang’, except for the relative clause of the predicate element through the ellipsis of the predicate element. The basic structure of the Acehnese relative clauses is the arrangement of the main constituents preceding (postnominal) the relative clauses. The constituents that described the relative clauses could form words or phrases depending on the reference to the meaning of the relative clauses. In the Acehnese, the following elements do not exist: (1) relative clauses that can be reduced by adverbials such as in English, (2) relative pronouns as in German and relative particles such as in Chinese Mandarin; and (3) the attachment of relative suffixes to verbs as in Korean.

scholarly journals Idealizations and ideal policing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
The Core ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
Political Economic

Political philosophy often focuses on “major institutions” that make up the “basic structure” of society. These include political, economic, and social institutions. In this paper I argue first that policing plays a substantial role in generating the kinds of inequalities and problems that are concerns of social or structural justice, and therefore that police agencies qualify as a major institution. When we abandon full compliance or similar idealizations, it is clear that policing is not a concern secondary to, e.g., the electoral system or the scheme of property rights in a society. Nor, I argue, does maintaining full compliance or moral character idealizations obviate an active enforcement role. Eliminating that role from an idealized model society requires engaging in a methodologically and substantively unattractive amount of abstraction. The result is that an active enforcement role is at the core of a complete theory of justice rather than something that is significant only “downstream” from more fundamental issues.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Myler
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Delayed Gratification ◽  
Thematic Role ◽  
The Core ◽  
Relevant Role

This chapter introduces the two major puzzles posed by possession sentences: the too-many-meanings puzzle and the too-many-(surface)-structures puzzle. The too-many-meanings puzzle is that languages often use the same construction to speak of having a car, having a sister, and having brown eyes, amongst other things, despite these relations being notionally distinct. The too-many-surface-structures puzzle is that languages differ radically in the argument structure used to convey the same possessive meanings. The chapter goes on to lay out the theory of the architecture of the grammar assumed in the main body of the book, and sketches how that architecture gives rise to a solution to both puzzles. A particularly important facet of this solution is the idea that a head which introduces a thematic role in the semantics might fail to take a specifier in the syntax, causing the relevant role to be saturated higher in the structure (Wood 2015)—a circumstance this book refers to as delayed gratification, and which turns out to be commonly attested in the typology of possession sentences. The core predictions of the present approach are presented. A concluding section summarizes the structure of the rest of the book.

scholarly journals “The Rite at Cockrow” in Old Russian Tradition

Slovene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-389
Author(s):  
Mstislav (Dyachina) ◽  
Mikhail S. Zheltov
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Specific Combination ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Core ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
Private Devotion ◽  
Morning Prayer

The article deals with an office found in the Old Russian liturgical tradition under the curious title The Rite at Cockrow or The Cockrow Prayers. The article contains a survey of existing scholarly studies of this office, the first publication of its full text based on a 14th-century codex, State Historical Museum (Moscow), Synodal collection, 325, and an analysis of the structure of this office. The authors come to a conclusion that the basic structure of The Rite at Cockrow consists of some introductory prayer texts, a couple of triadika troparia, and a morning prayer (or two or three morning prayers). This basic structure was intended for a private devotion of a monk in his cell; a variation of this structure is still found in the printed editions of the Horologion under the title “When one wakes up...” The core text of The Rite at Cockrow could be expanded by additional prayers, elements of ecclesiastical offices (of matins, probably also of compline), and a specific combination of psalms and prayers intended for private reading while a monk proceeds from his cell to a church. The authors managed to find the direct prototypes of both the basic structure and the ordinances from The Rite at Cockrow in the Byzantine sources. One of such sources is the Hypotyposis of Nicetas Stethatos, which describes private ascetic daily practices of the Studite monks in Constantinople. The Rite at Cockrow was well accepted by the Old Russian practice, since some specific prayers and hymns from this rite are still used even today, being included into the ordo of “Morning Prayers” according to the late printed editions of Russian Molitvoslov (Prayer-Book) and Kanonnik (Book of [hymnographical] Canons).

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