Islamic component in calendar rituals and folk medicine of the peoples of Dagestan: traditions and modernity

The article examines the types and forms of manifestation of the Islamic component in the calendar rituals and folk medicine of the peoples of Dagestan that have survived to our time. On the basis of field material and literary sources, the author cites the calendar holidays of the first furrow, the beginning of spring, the collection of edible herbs, medicine. The Islamic component in these holidays and rituals is manifested by the participation of a Muslim clergyman in them, the remembrance of Allah, the recitation of verses from the Koran, the conduct of the mawlid and the ritual of zikr, and the distribution of alms sadaqa. This component has been woven into agrarian holidays; meteorological ceremonies with «binding the rain», the use of a horse’s skull, wooden and stone boards, «overturned stones»; «sacred» trees, springs and stones in the rituals of traditional medicine. Collected in a special sacred period of time (pre-dawn hours before morning prayer) on the day of Eid al-Adha or the holiday of spring, spring water became similar to zamzam water and acquired healing properties. There are no analogues adapted to Muslim holidays, calendar and household rituals, built on the tops of mountains and passes, special religious buildings of Tabasarans – «Prayer houses». According to the author, the cited calendar rituals and methods of traditional medicine belong to the category of syncretic so-called “everyday” or “folk Islam” and can serve as an argument in countering religious extremism. The reasons for the preservation and functioning of traditional rituals and beliefs at the beginning of the XXIst century should be sought in the stability of ancient beliefs and rituals adapted to the requirements of the Sufi form of Islam, the peculiarities of the mentality and ethnic psychology of the Dagestanis adherent to conservatism and traditional way of life.

True Dawn: the defi nition by the Sharia and the terminology of astronomers

The object of the research is the problem of determining the exact time of the True Dawn onset (al-fajr as-sadik), with which the rituals of fasting and praying begin in Islam, as well as the completion of the rite of standing (wukuf) on Mount Arafat during the Great Pilgrimage (hajj), and its diff erence from the so-called “False” Dawn. (al-fajr al-kazib). The paper presents the Hadiths describing the signs of these two astronomical phenomena and reveals the results of visual observation of the onset of the True Dawn’s exact time in a number of Arab countries and in the Republic of Dagestan according to the mathematical calculation of the angle of the Sun inclination and the degree of the Sun position (azimuth) towards the horizon of the observed terrain during the true dawn. The study was based on the determination of the onset of the morning prayer exact time according to the methodology of mathematical calculations by astronomers of the early and late periods, and of the authoritative Muslim jurists (faqihs) as well.

Strategies in Applying the Religious Character of Students to Distance Learning

The purpose of this study was to determine the strategy of SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Tulangan in applying the religious character of students in distance learning. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The data collection technique in this study was through interviews, documentation and observation, while the triangulation used in this study was technical triangulation. In online learning, SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Tulangan has implemented an online learning strategy using the help of technology and communication tools. Religious character is needed by students in dealing with changing times and moral degradation. Kemuhammadiyahan lessons are considered strategic to be disseminated to every student in Muhammadiyah schools. Morning activity is an activity that is routinely carried out every morning by reading the Qur'an or usually referred to as the morning prayer and dhuha prayer as an effort to strengthen the value of the religious character of the students of SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Tulangan.

Tajwid, Gramatika Bahasa Arab, dan Adaptasi Kebiasan Baru dalam Peribadatan Sehari-Hari

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought a new life order which is commonly known as a health protocol implementation. Efforts to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic can be made physically or spiritually. Physical efforts are carried out by applying health protocols in a disciplined manner, while spiritual efforts are carried out by increasing the quality of worship of God. These two efforts must be combined with maintaining the quality of worship in health protocols. In this case, the quality of worship can be improved by deepening the understanding and application of Arabic tajwid and grammar in reciting verse and prayer recitations. In addition, it is necessary to practice morning and evening prayers as self-protection and maintain mental stability. To achieve this goal, this team carried out a community service by compiling two pocketbooks. The first one is related to the application of health protocols in daily worship and another pocketbook containing tajwid material and morning prayer, which was equipped with exposure and training on recitation and reading the morning prayer and evening prayers. These exposures are presented in outreach videos and tutorials. The result shows that people are increasingly aware of implementing health protocols in their daily activities, especially in Islamic worship. In addition, the community's mentality has become more robust, and people have become calmer in living their lives during the pandemic since some people have practiced morning and evening prayers. In addition, they also apply tajwid and Arabic grammar in a better way so that their worship activities become much more solemn. ===== Pandemi Covid-19 membawa manusia kepada tatanan kehidupan baru dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan. Salah satu hal yang dapat dilakukan dalam mengahadapi pandemi Covid-19 dan terhindar dari penularan virus dapat dilakukan secara jasmani maupu rohani. Upaya jasmaniah dilakukan dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan secara disiplin, sedangkan upaya rohani dilakukan dengan mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan dengan meningkatkan kualitas peribadatan. Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan tetap melakukan ibadah dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan, diikuti dengan pemahaman dan penerapan tajwid dan gramatika Arab dengan benar dalam melafalkan bacaan ayat dan doa. Selain itu, diperlukan pula pengamalan doa pagi dan petang untuk menjaga diri dan meningkatkan kesehatan mental. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, tim melaksanakan pengabdian dengan menyusun buku saku penerapan protokol kesehatan dalam peribadatan sehari-hari dan buku saku yang berisi materi tajwid dan doa pagi-petang yang diikuti dengan penyuluhan dan pelatihan penerapan tajwid dan membaca doa pagi dan petang yang dilakukan dengan membuat video penyuluhan dan tutorial. Hal ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa masyarakat semakin sadar untuk menerapkan protokol kesehatan dalam setiap aktivitas sehari-hari, khususnya dalam peribadatan Islam. Selain itu, mental masyarakat menjadi semakin kuat dan masyarakat menjadi lebih tenang dalam menjalani kehidupan selama pandemi. Hal ini karena sebagian masyarakat telah mengamalkan doa pagi dan petang, serta menerapkan tajwid dan gramatika Arab dengan lebih baik sehingga aktivitas ibadah mereka menjadi semakin khusyu’.

Tajwid, Gramatika Bahasa Arab, dan Adaptasi Kebiasan Baru dalam Peribadatan Sehari-Hari

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought a new life order which is commonly known as a health protocol implementation. Efforts to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic can be made physically or spiritually. Physical efforts are carried out by applying health protocols in a disciplined manner, while spiritual efforts are carried out by increasing the quality of worship of God. These two efforts must be combined with maintaining the quality of worship in health protocols. In this case, the quality of worship can be improved by deepening the understanding and application of Arabic tajwid and grammar in reciting verse and prayer recitations. In addition, it is necessary to practice morning and evening prayers as self-protection and maintain mental stability. To achieve this goal, this team carried out a community service by compiling two pocketbooks. The first one is related to the application of health protocols in daily worship and another pocketbook containing tajwid material and morning prayer, which was equipped with exposure and training on recitation and reading the morning prayer and evening prayers. These exposures are presented in outreach videos and tutorials. The result shows that people are increasingly aware of implementing health protocols in their daily activities, especially in Islamic worship. In addition, the community's mentality has become more robust, and people have become calmer in living their lives during the pandemic since some people have practiced morning and evening prayers. In addition, they also apply tajwid and Arabic grammar in a better way so that their worship activities become much more solemn. ===== Pandemi Covid-19 membawa manusia kepada tatanan kehidupan baru dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan. Salah satu hal yang dapat dilakukan dalam mengahadapi pandemi Covid-19 dan terhindar dari penularan virus dapat dilakukan secara jasmani maupu rohani. Upaya jasmaniah dilakukan dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan secara disiplin, sedangkan upaya rohani dilakukan dengan mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan dengan meningkatkan kualitas peribadatan. Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan tetap melakukan ibadah dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan, diikuti dengan pemahaman dan penerapan tajwid dan gramatika Arab dengan benar dalam melafalkan bacaan ayat dan doa. Selain itu, diperlukan pula pengamalan doa pagi dan petang untuk menjaga diri dan meningkatkan kesehatan mental. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, tim melaksanakan pengabdian dengan menyusun buku saku penerapan protokol kesehatan dalam peribadatan sehari-hari dan buku saku yang berisi materi tajwid dan doa pagi-petang yang diikuti dengan penyuluhan dan pelatihan penerapan tajwid dan membaca doa pagi dan petang yang dilakukan dengan membuat video penyuluhan dan tutorial. Hal ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa masyarakat semakin sadar untuk menerapkan protokol kesehatan dalam setiap aktivitas sehari-hari, khususnya dalam peribadatan Islam. Selain itu, mental masyarakat menjadi semakin kuat dan masyarakat menjadi lebih tenang dalam menjalani kehidupan selama pandemi. Hal ini karena sebagian masyarakat telah mengamalkan doa pagi dan petang, serta menerapkan tajwid dan gramatika Arab dengan lebih baik sehingga aktivitas ibadah mereka menjadi semakin khusyu’.

Divine Service

“Divine Service” is a name for the most frequently performed act of public worship that is prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer. Most of this chapter examines the texts of the three liturgical offices in which Divine Service has consisted on Sundays: Morning Prayer (or Mattins), the Litany (or General Supplication), and the beginning of Holy Communion (or the Lord’s Supper), as these would take place on one specific day. Evening Prayer (or Evensong), which is a separate part of Divine Service, is also described. In the course of the discussion the chapter introduces a number of basic terms used throughout the book.

Morning News

“The newspaper reading of the early morning is a kind of realistic morning prayer,” Hegel writes in one of the notebooks kept during his years in Jena. This apparently marginal remark serves as a point of departure for the introductory chapter, which begins by developing an interpretation of the comparison presented here as an early condensed expression of Hegel’s mature philosophical position. As in the case of Kant, whose occasional remarks on newspaper reading are discussed in the remainder of the chapter, this motif, however, never makes its way into Hegel’s published philosophical work. Reflecting on the anxieties surrounding philosophy’s encounter with the novelty of the newspaper, the chapter outlines the problematic that will be central to the book, namely that of thinking time and history in the aftermath of German Idealism and the crisis of the modern philosophies of history.

Pembinaan Kultur Sekolah Sebagai Upaya Pembentukan Karakter Di SD Manisrejo 1 Madiun

This study aims to determine the development of school culture in SD Manisrejo 1 Madiun City. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Research subjects were the principal, teachers, students and parents of students. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of the data in this study uses the Miles and Huberman Model, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that SD Manisrejo 1 had implemented the school culture optimally with the collaboration of principals, teachers and students. School culture developed and fostered by schools is 5 S culture, courtesy and politeness culture, checking morning present or absence, morning story, read the scriptures of holy quran, morning prayer and cast praise on the prophet, multidirectional communication, and cultural love. The characters that are grown from fostering school culture are discipline, religious, social care, honesty, fond of reading, tolerance, love for the motherland/Nationalism, mutual respect, friendship, responsibility and care for the environment. The character must always be fostered continuously so that all school personnel have a noble personality. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembinaan kultur sekolah di SD Manisrejo 1 Kota Madiun. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah, guru, siswa dan orangtua siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian menggunakan Model Miles dan Huberman yakni pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SD Manisrejo 1 telah menerapkan budaya sekolah dengan optimal dengan kolaborasi kepala sekolah, guru dan siswa. Kultur sekolah yang dikembangkan dan dibina oleh sekolah adalah Kultur 5 S, kultur unggah ungguh, absen pagi, morning story, tadarus pagi, doa pagi dan bersholawat, komunikasi multiarah, dan cinta budaya. Karakter yang ditumbuhkan dari pembinaan kultur sekolah yakni kedisiplinan, religius, peduli sosial, jujur, gemar membaca, toleransi, cinta tanah air, saling menghargai, bersahabat, tanggungjawab dan peduli lingkungan. Karakter tersebut harus senantiasa dibina secara kontinue agar seluruh personil sekolah berkepribadian luhur.