Fundamental Rights as the Cornerstone of Schengen

Although the Schengen Border Code (SBC) explicitly obliges Member States to apply the Schengen rules in full compliance with the fundamental rights, Member States’ adherence to this obligation can be questioned in light of recurrent and reliable reports about fundamental rights violations at the EU’s external borders. This contribution will examine why, apart from the deficiencies in the SCHE-VAL mechanism, the current response towards fundamental rights violations at the border is ineffective. First, it will analyse the legal framework, including the implementing rules, to see if additional guidance is needed. Second, the enforcement mechanisms will be examined: how are violations being addressed at the national level, and how does the EU Commission perceive and fulfills its role regarding enforcement of compliance? As the Commission has often referred to the monitoring mechanism as proposed in the draft Screening Regulation, the contribution will examine to what extent this New Pact file will help to resolve the current impunity. Finally, the article will analyse the role of Frontex regarding human rights violations by Member States. What is their responsibility, how do they perform it, and who is enforcing compliance by Frontex?

TELFER’S GEOSIM METHOD REVISITED BY CFD

In this study, Telfer’s GEOSIM method for the computation of ship resistance at full scale has been applied by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) approach. For this purpose, the KCS (KRISO Container Ship) hull has been investigated numerically with k-ε turbulence model for three different scales and full scale analyses by URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) method. Full scale ship resistance has been predicted using the numerical results computed at different model scales by Telfer’s GEOSIM method. The numerical results at three scales have also been extrapolated separately to that at full scale by ITTC 1978 performance prediction method. An experimental study has also been carried out at a model scale for validation. The results by Telfer’s GEOSIM method have been calculated almost in full compliance with those of CFD approach. While the difference between the results of CFD and those of ITTC extrapolation method is about 5% at full scale, the difference between the results of CFD and those of Telfer’s GEOSIM method has been found to be less than 1% at full scale. In addition, this method has been applied to estimate the nominal wake coefficient at full scale from model scales. A very good correlation has also been found for nominal wake coefficient.

The Relationship between Ozone and Human Blood in the Course of a Well-Controlled, Mild, and Transitory Oxidative Eustress

In the last twenty years there has been a proliferation of articles on the therapeutic use of ozone. As it is well-known, the term ozone therapy is very broad. It ranges from either systemic or loco-regional administration of unstable gaseous oxygen/ozone mixtures to the topical application of stable ozonated derivatives. Anyway, in relation to the absence of specific receptors and the extreme reactivity with the biological liquids with which it comes into contact, gaseous ozone cannot be classified as either a drug or a pro-drug. When the gaseous ozone impacts a biological matrix, both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid oxidation products (LOPs) are formed. They represent the effector molecules responsible for modulating the therapeutic activity in the body. Apart from the merits of the action mechanisms resulting from the use of ozone, this article seeks to validate the practice of ozone therapy as an adjuvant treatment in full compliance with the physiology of the whole organism.

Genetic identity of mint cultivars after in vitro conservation, assessed by ISSR primers

The species of the genus Mentha have been known since ancient times and have significant value in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, as well as in medicine. For the widespread use of mint, including in a variety of breeding programs, and the preservation of genetic diversity, effective methods of maintaining cultivars and collection samples are required. Thanks to the development of biotechnological methods, in particular, the creation of slow-growing collections, are now actively used as an effective alternative to field collections. It is known that the cultivation of tissues and organs on artificial culture media can cause somaclonal variability. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of in vitro storage at 4-6°C without illumination after 3 and 4 in vitro conservation cycles on the genetic stability of three cultivars of mint Azhurnaya, Bergamotnaya and Zagrava using ISSR primers. 1 cycle: 1 year of in vitro conservation, microcutting and 2 subcultures of regrowth in a culture room. After conservation, the number of viable explants was 70.0-82.1%. Callus formation at the base of the shoots was not observed in any of the cultivars. After 3 and 4 cycles of in vitro conservation, genetic stability was assessed using 11 ISSR primers. It was found that all three mint genotypes showed full compliance (length and number of amplicons) with the profiles of control samples for all studied markers. It was also found that the markers used by ISSR are highly informative for mint cultivars.

Circadian Rhythm Factor in Relation to the Analysis And Interpretation of Infrared Thermography Results in the Arctic (Review)

The number of studies explaining the role of environmental factors in research using infrared thermography in the Arctic is still limited. This article is focused on circadian rhythms, which can influence both the analysis and interpretation of infrared thermography results in the Arctic. Literature published between 1981 and 2019 was selected with the help of PubMed search engine by means of a systematic search by the keyword infrared thermography using the PRISMA system. Having studied the abstracts of relevant open access articles, we selected a total of 81 papers: 40 American, 15 Russian, 11 Canadian, 6 Swedish, 4 Danish, 3 Finnish, and 2 Norwegian. Having assessed the materials and methods against the area of application (medicine and dentistry), we found 12 articles in full compliance with the selection criteria. In conclusion, taking into account different day lengths and light intensities in the Arctic, we point out three circadian rhythm mediators affecting its physiological activity. These are as follows: light of sufficient intensity, suprachiasmatic nuclei and neurotransmitters. Their influence is often reduced in the summer and is linked with changes in skin temperature. Therefore, it is important for researchers to consider time, season, and sleep patterns of the subjects during the selection process in order to obtain accurate temperature measurements using infrared thermography. For citation: Nasution A.I., Pankov M.N., Kir’yanov A.B. Circadian Rhythm Factor in the Analysis and Interpretation of Infrared Thermography Results in the Arctic (Review). Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 444–453. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z082

Method Development and Validation for Pyrogallol Content Quantification by HPLC in Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride

Trimetazidine dihydrochloride (TD) is an anti-ischemic drug that is used to effectively treat angina pectoris symptoms. During the manufacture of TD from gallic acid a process related impurity, pyrogallol, is produced. Up to the present time, no appropriate method has been proposed for the detection and analysis of pyrogallol in the TD at the level of threshold of toxicological concern. Therefore, in this investigation, a reliable and reproducible HPLC method was developed for the detection and analysis of pyrogallol in the TD. The method was validated in full compliance with the recommendations of the International Harmonization Council. Regression analysis indicated a correlation coefficient value of 0.9990 for pyrogallol between 6.3 ppm and 31.5 ppm. The LOD was 1.89 ppm and LOQ was 6.3 ppm for pyrogallol. Good recovery (accuracy) was observed in the range of 98.34% to 118.54 % with an RSD value (precision) of 0.150%. Pyrogallol analysis in batches TD material has demonstrated the good performance of the method. The process is therefore useful in the identification and evaluation of pyrogallol content in drug substance of TD.

Dryer design parameters and parts specifications for an industrial scale bagasse drying system

The sugar industry is an ideal sector for electricity cogeneration due to a large amount of burnable bagasse produce as a by-product. Bagasse produced in the sugar industry always consists of moisture affecting the efficiency of a boiler in the cogeneration plant. In our case study, a cogeneration plant run by bagasse burning found with bagasse moisture problem and suffocating with low power generation for the last few years. The boiler efficiency per tonne of bagasse is currently lower than optimal due to the substantial percentage of water present in the bagasse. A bagasse dryer design for this industry can improve the efficiency of a boiler as well as the cogeneration plant. In this paper, a pneumatic bagasse drying system is proposed to reduce the moisture content of bagasse from 48% to 30%. This work provides a full analysis of bagasse dryer design parameters, including specifications for dryer system components, such as feeders, fan, drying tube, and cyclone. The total bagasse drying system proposed is expected to be fitted within a 6 × 6 × 25 m space to dry 60 tph of bagasse, reducing the moisture content from 48% to 30%, in full compliance with all relevant Australian and company standards.

Financial crime in the decentralized finance ecosystem: new challenges for compliance

Purpose As decentralized finance (DeFi) has collected substantial promotion, investment and cryptographic development as a new model for numerous financial operations over the last months. As DeFi models and technology are quite unique, authorities have not been engaged much yet. However, these non-regulated financial markets will be overlooked for no long by the regulators. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse and evaluate the new challenges for financial crime compliance which need to be tackled very soon. Design/methodology/approach The research relied on secondary sources of data, using secondary research to collect archival data in the form of documents. Content and thematic analyses were used to synthesize the collected data Findings DeFi is considered to be one of the major steps towards adopting crypto masses. It is expected that DeFi will play a significant role in future and provide the present banking system with a feasible alternative. Therefore, it is crucial that the DeFi industry must address the main risks to ensure its “user” full compliance. Originality/value This research is the first to analyse the emerging challenges of fighting financial crime in the DeFi ecosystem.

Wild meat consumption in tropical forests spares a significant carbon footprint from the livestock production sector

Whether sustainable or not, wild meat consumption is a reality for millions of tropical forest dwellers. Yet estimates of spared greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from consuming wild meat, rather than protein from the livestock sector, have not been quantified. We show that a mean per capita wild meat consumption of 41.7 kg yr−1 for a population of ~ 150,000 residents at 49 Amazonian and Afrotropical forest sites can spare ~ 71 MtCO2-eq annually under a bovine beef substitution scenario, but only ~ 3 MtCO2-eq yr−1 if this demand is replaced by poultry. Wild meat offtake by these communities could generate US$3M or US$185K in carbon credit revenues under an optimistic scenario (full compliance with the Paris Agreement by 2030; based on a carbon price of US$50/tCO2-eq) and US$1M or US$77K under a conservative scenario (conservative carbon price of US$20.81/tCO2-eq), representing considerable incentives for forest conservation and potential revenues for local communities. However, the wild animal protein consumption of ~ 43% of all consumers in our sample was below the annual minimum per capita rate required to prevent human malnutrition. We argue that managing wild meat consumption can serve the interests of climate change mitigation efforts in REDD + accords through avoided GHG emissions from the livestock sector, but this requires wildlife management that can be defined as verifiably sustainable.

Compliance of Private Primary Health Care Facilities Towards Requirements of Labelling of Dispensed Medicine in Sarawak

Background: Compliance towards the requirements of labelling of dispensed medicine (LDM) among private primary health care facilities ensures appropriate use of medicines. Aim: This study aimed to examine the rate of compliance towards the requirements of LDM among retail pharmacies (RPs) and private medical clinics (PMCs). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to January 2020 across all inspected premises in Sarawak. Publics who attended RPs and PMCs and having medicines dispensed, have their medicine labels examined for compliance towards the requirements of LDM upon exiting the premises. Their verbal consents were obtained and the compliance score were recorded into self-developed data collection forms. Compliance rate was the percentage of requirements on the examined medicine labels that fulfil the requirements under Regulation 12 of Poisons Regulations 1952. Results: A total of 414 LDM were examined, with 135 from RPs and 279 from PMCs. The full compliance towards the requirements of LDM among RPs and PMCs were 23.7% and 41.6%, respectively. The median compliance score of PMCs (0.83) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than RPs (0.67). The requirements of LDM with the lowest compliance was name of medicine (53.1%), followed by name of patient (31.9%) and date of dispensing (25.6%). Conclusion: The full compliance rate on the requirements of LDM among RPs and PMCs were low. More stringent enforcement and public education on their rights for fully compliant medicine labels could improve the compliance.