scholarly journals The cyphonautes larvae of the Plymouth area and the metamorphosis of Membranipora membranacea (L.)

1955 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Membranipora Membranacea ◽  
Electra Pilosa ◽  
Do So

Several cyphonautes larvae (Polyzoa Ectoprocta) have been distinguished and described (Lohmann, 1911; Marcus, 1940; Thorson, 1946), but few have been seen to metamorphose, thus Unking the late larva with the adult. Three, belonging to the suborder Cheilostomata, which have been observed to do so, are Cyphonautes compressus into Electra pilosa L. (Schneider, 1869; Barrois, 1877; Kupelwieser, 1905–6), Cyphonautes occidentalis into Membranipora villosa, (Robertson, 1908; O'Donoghue, 1927) and an unnamed cyphonautes into Nichtina ( = Membranipora) tuberculata (Hastings, 1929, pp. 706–7).

The Identity of Some Cyphonautes Larvae (Polyzoa)

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Ryland
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Membranipora Membranacea ◽  
Electra Pilosa ◽  
European Seas

SUMMARYFive cyphonautes are described in Nordisches Plankton (Lohmann, 1911). Cyphonautes schneideri and C. borealis are larvae of Membranipora membranacea and represent extremes of variation in the shape of the shell. Cyphonautes balticus, like C. compressus which was very inadequately described, is the larva of Electra pilosa. The cyphonautes of these two species are the only ones likely to be encountered in the plankton of normally saline European seas. Cyphonautes barroisi is the larva of the brackish-water Electra crustulenta.Cyphonautes balticus Thorson (1946), not Lohmann, is the larva of M. membranacea.Larval synonymies for M. membranacea and E. pilosa are given.The use of the Cyphonautes names is undesirable, and those of the polyzoan adults should be employed.

Electrophysiology and Co-ordinated Behavioural Responses in the Colonial Bryozoan Membranipora Membranacea (L.)

1975 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-404
Author(s):  
J. P. THORPE ◽  
G. A. B. SHELTON ◽  
M. S. LAVERACK
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Giant Axon ◽  
Nerve Plexus ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Contraction Rate ◽  
Membranipora Membranacea ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Electra Pilosa

1. There is a colonial retraction response in the Bryozoans Membranipora membranacea and Electra pilosa. 2. The conduction velocity of the response is about 100 cm sec−1. 3. The colonial response will circumnavigate the end of a cut, but will not cross it. 4. The lophophore retraction time is 60–80 msec. 5. The lophophore retractor muscle with a peak contraction rate of 20 + muscle lengths per second is probably one of the fastest contracting muscles known. 6. The colonial responses to successive stimuli under certain circumstances are similar to those of some corals. 7. Nervous pulses can be recorded travelling across the colony at the same velocity as the colonial response. 8. Increases and decreases in the number and frequency of T1 pulses correspond with increases and decreases in the area and duration of the colonial response and are produced in response to the same stimuli. 9. Other pulses can be recorded which correspond to the retraction of the lophophore retractor muscle. 10. The lophophore retractor muscle is apparently under the control of a giant axon from the zooidal ganglion. 11. The colonial nervous system has many of the properties expected of a nerve plexus.

Holding replication studies to mainstream standards of evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane T. Wegener ◽  
Leandre R. Fabrigar
Keyword(s):  
Replication Studies ◽  
Replication Research ◽  
Standards Of Evidence ◽  
Do So

AbstractReplications can make theoretical contributions, but are unlikely to do so if their findings are open to multiple interpretations (especially violations of psychometric invariance). Thus, just as studies demonstrating novel effects are often expected to empirically evaluate competing explanations, replications should be held to similar standards. Unfortunately, this is rarely done, thereby undermining the value of replication research.

Electron Microscopy of a Herpesvirus Isolated from Marek's Disease in Duck and Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cultures

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 222-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Nazerian
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Chicken Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Duck Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
And Control ◽  
Do So

A herpes-like virus has been isolated from duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cultures inoculated with blood from Marek's disease (MD) infected birds. Cultures which contained this virus produced MD in susceptible chickens while virus negative cultures and control cultures failed to do so. This and other circumstantial evidence including similarities in properties of the virus and the MD agent implicate this virus in the etiology of MD.Histochemical studies demonstrated the presence of DNA-staining intranuclear inclusion bodies in polykarocytes in infected cultures. Distinct nucleo-plasmic aggregates were also seen in sections of similar multinucleated cells examined with the electron microscope. These aggregates are probably the same as the inclusion bodies seen with the light microscope. Naked viral particles were observed in the nucleus of infected cells within or on the edges of the nucleoplasmic aggregates. These particles measured 95-100mμ, in diameter and rarely escaped into the cytoplasm or nuclear vesicles by budding through the nuclear membrane (Fig. 1). The enveloped particles (Fig. 2) formed in this manner measured 150-170mμ in diameter and always had a densely stained nucleoid. The virus in supernatant fluids consisted of naked capsids with 162 hollow, cylindrical capsomeres (Fig. 3). Enveloped particles were not seen in such preparations.

Debates in Dysphagia Management: How Do You Use Evidence-Based Practice in Your Dysphagia Patient Care?

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
Jeri A. Logemann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Do So

Evidence-based practice requires astute clinicians to blend our best clinical judgment with the best available external evidence and the patient's own values and expectations. Sometimes, we value one more than another during clinical decision-making, though it is never wise to do so, and sometimes other factors that we are unaware of produce unanticipated clinical outcomes. Sometimes, we feel very strongly about one clinical method or another, and hopefully that belief is founded in evidence. Some beliefs, however, are not founded in evidence. The sound use of evidence is the best way to navigate the debates within our field of practice.

The Persnickety Pervasiveness of Rating Enhancement in Personality Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Stachowski ◽  
John T. Kulas
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Psychological Measurement ◽  
Shared Sets ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Original Target ◽  
Target Profile ◽  
Do So ◽  
Normative Influences

Abstract. The current paper explores whether self and observer reports of personality are properly viewed through a contrasting lens (as opposed to a more consonant framework). Specifically, we challenge the assumption that self-reports are more susceptible to certain forms of response bias than are informant reports. We do so by examining whether selves and observers are similarly or differently drawn to socially desirable and/or normative influences in personality assessment. Targets rated their own personalities and recommended another person to also do so along shared sets of items diversely contaminated with socially desirable content. The recommended informant then invited a third individual to additionally make ratings of the original target. Profile correlations, analysis of variances (ANOVAs), and simple patterns of agreement/disagreement consistently converged on a strong normative effect paralleling item desirability, with all three rater types exhibiting a tendency to reject socially undesirable descriptors while also endorsing desirable indicators. These tendencies were, in fact, more prominent for informants than they were for self-raters. In their entirety, our results provide a note of caution regarding the strategy of using non-self informants as a comforting comparative benchmark within psychological measurement applications.

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