Enzyme variation in Chthamalus stellatus and Chthamalus montagui (Crustacea: Cirripedia): evidence for the presence of C. montagui in the Adriatic

Author(s):  
P. R. Dando ◽  
A. J. Crisp

The electrophoretic mobilities of 13 enzymes in two species of Chthamalus, C. stellatus Poli and C. montagui Southward, were compared. These species differed absolutely for eight of the enzymes and exhibited some species-specific allozymes for a further four enzymes. No evidence of hybridization was found. The observed mean heterozygosity was 0087 for C. stellatus and 0179 for C. montagui.A sample of ‘C. montagui’ from Venice differed from two samples from south-west England in external shell characters and in allozyme frequency for two enzymes. These differences are thought to be the result of a geographical cline rather than a distinct separation of subspecies.

Until 2019, TBE was considered only to be an imported disease to the United Kingdom. In that year, evidence became available that the TBEV is likely circulating in the country1,2 and a first “probable case” of TBE originating in the UK was reported.3 In addition to TBEV, louping ill virus (LIV), a member of the TBEV-serocomplex, is also endemic in parts of the UK. Reports of clinical disease caused by LIV in livestock are mainly from Scotland, parts of North and South West England and Wales.4


2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Mortimer

The licensing of provincial surgeons and physicians in the post-Restoration period has proved an awkward subject for medical historians. It has divided writers between those who regard the possession of a local licence as a mark of professionalism or proficiency, those who see the existence of diocesan licences as a mark of an essentially unregulated and decentralized trade, and those who discount the distinction of licensing in assessing medical expertise availability in a given region. Such a diversity of interpretations has meant that the very descriptors by which practitioners were known to their contemporaries (and are referred to by historians) have become fragmented and difficult to use without a specific context. As David Harley has pointed out in his study of licensed physicians in the north-west of England, “historians often define eighteenth-century physicians as men with medical degrees, thus ignoring … the many licensed physicians throughout the country”. One could similarly draw attention to the inadequacy of the word “surgeon” to cover licensed and unlicensed practitioners, barber-surgeons, Company members in towns, self-taught practitioners using surgical manuals, and procedural specialists whose work came under the umbrella of surgery, such as bonesetters, midwives and phlebotomists. Although such fragmentation of meaning reflects a diversity of practices carried on under the same occupational descriptors in early modern England, the result is an imprecise historical literature in which the importance of licensing, and especially local licensing, is either ignored as a delimiter or viewed as an inaccurate gauge of medical proficiency.


Geology Today ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Robert A. Coram ◽  
Jonathan D. Radley ◽  
Michael J. Benton

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 840-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kavanagh ◽  
M E Farago ◽  
I Thornton ◽  
P Elliott ◽  
W Goessler ◽  
...  

1998 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Sue Burkill ◽  
Mark Brayshay

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