Hymedesmia(Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from Irish and Scottish cold-water coral reefs, with a description of five new species

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 979-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Goodwin ◽  
B.E. Picton ◽  
R.W.M. Van Soest
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Reef Complex ◽  
Depth Ranges ◽  
Water Coral

This study describes species of the genusHymedesmiafrom three areas of cold-water coral reef: Mingulay Reef Complex (Scotland, UK) and Rockall and Porcupine Banks (off UK and Irish coasts). Five new species are described:Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) gibbosa, H. stoneae, H. tendali, H. xavieraeandH. valentinae. Records are provided of other poorly knownHymedesmiaspecies:H. bocki, H. cohesibacilla, H. curvichela, H. ebria, H. gustafsoni, H. simillima, H. irregularis, H. proxima, H. hibernicaandH. primitiva. Information on distribution of otherHymedesmiaspecies occurring in Britain and Ireland is presented. The sites studied represent a variety of depth-ranges and the data collected suggest that someHymedesmiaspecies may be restricted to particular bathymetric zones.

scholarly journals Measuring Sound at a Cold-Water Coral Reef to Assess the Impact of COVID-19 on Noise Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence H. De Clippele ◽  
Denise Risch
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Level Height ◽  
Water Coral

This study compares the noise levels at the cold-water coral Tisler reef, before and after the closure of the border between Norway and Sweden, which occurred as a direct result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Tisler reef is a marine protected area located under a ferry “highway” that connects Norway and Sweden. Cold-water coral reefs are recognised as being important hotspots of both biodiversity and biomass, they function as breeding and nursing grounds for commercially important fish and are essential in providing ecosystem functions. Whilst studies have shown that fishery, ocean warming, and acidification threaten them, the effects of noise pollution on cold-water coral reefs remains unstudied. To study the severity of noise pollution at the Tisler reef, a long-term acoustic recorder was deployed from 29 January 2020 until 26 May 2020. From 15 March COVID-19 lockdown measures stopped passenger vessel traffic between Norway and Sweden. This study found that the overall noise levels were significantly lower after border closure, due to reduced ferry traffic, wind speeds, and sea level height. When comparing the median hourly noise levels of before vs. after border closure, this study measured a significant reduction in the 63–125 Hz 1/3 octave band noise levels of 8.94 ± 0.88 (MAD) dB during the day (07:00:00–19:59:59) and 1.94 ± 0.11 (MAD) dB during the night (20:00:00–06:59:59). Since there was no ferry traffic during the night, the drop in noise levels at night was likely driven by seasonal changes, i.e., the reduction in wind speed and sea level height when transitioning from winter to spring. Taking into account this seasonal effect, it can be deduced that the COVID-19 border closure reduced the noise levels in the 63–125 Hz 1/3 octave bands at the Tisler reef by 7.0 ± 0.99 (MAD) dB during the day. While the contribution of, and changes in biological, weather-related and geophysical sound sources remain to be assessed in more detail, understanding the extent of anthropogenic noise pollution at the Tisler cold-water coral reef is critical to guide effective management to ensure the long-term health and conservation of its ecosystem functions.

Cirolanidae (Isopoda) From French Polynesian Coral Reefs: Description of Three New Species

Crustaceana ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-G. Muller ◽  
B. Salvat
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Habitat Preference ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Water Coral

AbstractThis first contribution on cirolanid isopods from shallow water coral reef locations in French Polynesia (Bora Bora, Moorea) reports on three new species of the genera Cirolana and Metacirolana. They are described in detail, with remarks on their intergeneric affinities, habitat preference and biogeography.

Lohmannella (Acari, Halacaridae) from a cold-water coral reef off Norway, description of two new and a list of North Atlantic species

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4722 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
ILSE BARTSCH
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Reliable Identification ◽  
The Third ◽  
Water Coral

Cold water coral reefs proved to harbour a diverse halacarid fauna. The fauna extracted from small pieces of corals was dominated by the genus Lohmannella which was represented by three species. Two species, new to science, are described and illustrated, namely Lohmannella njoerdri and Lohmannella sulensis. Of the third species only a single juvenile stage is available, since a reliable identification is not possible. Lohmannella njoerdri is characterized by long, slender claws. Lohmannella sulensis differs from other Lohmannella species by its wide dorsal plates, long and slender gnathosoma and legs and the part of the idiosoma posterior to insertion of leg IV being short.  

scholarly journals Spatial and tidal variation in food supply to shallow cold-water coral reefs of the Mingulay Reef complex (Outer Hebrides, Scotland)

2012 ◽  
Vol 444 ◽  
pp. 97-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
GCA Duineveld ◽  
RM Jeffreys ◽  
MSS Lavaleye ◽  
AJ Davies ◽  
MJN Bergman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Tidal Variation ◽  
Reef Complex ◽  
Outer Hebrides ◽  
Water Coral

scholarly journals Ecohydrodynamics of Cold-Water Coral Reefs: A Case Study of the Mingulay Reef Complex (Western Scotland)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e98218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Moreno Navas ◽  
Peter L. Miller ◽  
Lea-Anne Henry ◽  
Sebastian J. Hennige ◽  
J. Murray Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Reef Complex ◽  
Water Coral

scholarly journals Turbid Coral Reefs: Past, Present and Future—A Review

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Adi Zweifler (Zvifler) ◽  
Michael O’Leary ◽  
Kyle Morgan ◽  
Nicola K. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Reef Complex ◽  
Sediment Input

Increasing evidence suggests that coral reefs exposed to elevated turbidity may be more resilient to climate change impacts and serve as an important conservation hotspot. However, logistical difficulties in studying turbid environments have led to poor representation of these reef types within the scientific literature, with studies using different methods and definitions to characterize turbid reefs. Here we review the geological origins and growth histories of turbid reefs from the Holocene (past), their current ecological and environmental states (present), and their potential responses and resilience to increasing local and global pressures (future). We classify turbid reefs using new descriptors based on their turbidity regime (persistent, fluctuating, transitional) and sources of sediment input (natural versus anthropogenic). Further, by comparing the composition, function and resilience of two of the most studied turbid reefs, Paluma Shoals Reef Complex, Australia (natural turbidity) and Singapore reefs (anthropogenic turbidity), we found them to be two distinct types of turbid reefs with different conservation status. As the geographic range of turbid reefs is expected to increase due to local and global stressors, improving our understanding of their responses to environmental change will be central to global coral reef conservation efforts.

scholarly journals <sup>210</sup>Pb-<sup>226</sup>Ra chronology reveals rapid growth rate of <i>Madrepora oculata</i> and <i>Lophelia pertusa</i> on world's largest cold-water coral reef

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1253-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sabatier ◽  
J.-L. Reyss ◽  
J. M. Hall-Spencer ◽  
C. Colin ◽  
N. Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Fe Oxide ◽  
Oxide Contamination ◽  
Water Coral

Abstract. Here we show the use of the 210Pb-226Ra excess method to determine the growth rate of two corals from the world's largest known cold-water coral reef, Røst Reef, north of the Arctic circle off Norway. Colonies of each of the two species that build the reef, Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata, were collected alive at 350 m depth using a submersible. Pb and Ra isotopes were measured along the major growth axis of both specimens using low level alpha and gamma spectrometry and trace element compositions were studied. 210Pb and 226Ra differ in the way they are incorporated into coral skeletons. Hence, to assess growth rates, we considered the exponential decrease of initially incorporated 210Pb, as well as the increase in 210Pb from the decay of 226Ra and contamination with 210Pb associated with Mn-Fe coatings that we were unable to remove completely from the oldest parts of the skeletons. 226Ra activity was similar in both coral species, so, assuming constant uptake of 210Pb through time, we used the 210Pb-226Ra chronology to calculate growth rates. The 45.5 cm long branch of M. oculata was 31 yr with an average linear growth rate of 14.4 ± 1.1 mm yr−1 (2.6 polyps per year). Despite cleaning, a correction for Mn-Fe oxide contamination was required for the oldest part of the colony; this correction corroborated our radiocarbon date of 40 yr and a mean growth rate of 2 polyps yr−1. This rate is similar to the one obtained in aquarium experiments under optimal growth conditions. For the 80 cm-long L. pertusa colony, metal-oxide contamination remained in both the middle and basal part of the coral skeleton despite cleaning, inhibiting similar age and growth rate estimates. The youngest part of the colony was free of metal oxides and this 15 cm section had an estimated a growth rate of 8 mm yr−1, with high uncertainty (~1 polyp every two to three years). We are less certain of this 210Pb growth rate estimate which is within the lowermost ranges of previous growth rate estimates. We show that 210Pb-226Ra dating can be successfully applied to determine the age and growth rate of framework-forming cold-water corals if Mn-Fe oxide deposits can be removed. Where metal oxides can be removed, large M. oculata and L. pertusa skeletons provide archives for studies of intermediate water masses with an up to annual time resolution and spanning over many decades.

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