Histochemical mapping of NADPH diaphorase in the nervous system of the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. A. Bascal ◽  
A. Montgomery ◽  
L. Holden-Dye ◽  
R. G. Williams ◽  
R. J. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Ventral Ganglion ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
The Central Nervous System

SUMMARYNADPH diaphorase has recently been discovered to be responsible for neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity in mammals. It thus serves as a histochemical marker for the localization of NO synthase in the nervous system. The histochemical technique was used to map out potential NO-producing neurones in the nervous system of the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum. Positive staining for NADPH diaphorase was present in various parts of the central nervous system, in particular within selective cell bodies and fibres in the ventral ganglion, the retrovesicular ganglion, ventral and dorsal cords and sublateral lines. Intense staining was also present in the motorneurone commissures, indicating a potential role for NO as a neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction. NADPH disphorase-positive neurones were not confined to the central nervous system. Selective staining was also present in the enteric nervous system, in particular the pharynx and in the peripheral nervous system innervating the sensory organs.

Immunocytochemical demonstration of a neuropeptide in Ascaris suum (Nematoda) using an antiserum to FMR Famide

Parasitology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. B. Davenport ◽  
D. L. Lee ◽  
R. E. Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
Immunocytochemical Technique ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Cords

SUMMARYA FMRFamide-like peptide has been detected in the nematode Ascaris suum, using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunocytochemical technique. Positive reactions were obtained in both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system of the worm, the strongest reactions being in the anterior nerve ring, the cephalic papillary ganglia, the lateral ganglia and the dorso-rectal ganglion. Immunoreactivity was observed along the length of the main nerve cords of the worm and, to a lesser extent, in the pharyngeal nerve cords. The possible role of this neuropeptide in the physiology of the nematode is discussed.

The FMRFamide-like neuropeptide AF2 is present in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Keating ◽  
L. Holden-Dye ◽  
M. C. Thorndyke ◽  
R. G. Williams ◽  
A. Mallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Reverse Phase Hplc ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Immunocytochemical Techniques ◽  
Nerve Cords

SUMMARYPeptides belonging to the FMRFamide family are widely distributed amongst invertebrates. We report here on the isolation of the FMRFamide neuropeptide AF2 (Lys-His-Glu-Tyr-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2) from the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. Immunocytochemical techniques showed that FMRFamide-like material was distributed in several regions of these organisms including nerve cords and cell bodies of the central nervous system. AF2 was isolated using a method that employed 6 steps of reverse-phase HPLC. The concentration of AF2 in this organism was approximately 30 pmol/g of nematode.

Rift Valley Fever Virus-induced Encephalomyelitis and Hepatitis in Calves

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Rippy ◽  
M. J. Topper ◽  
C. A. Mebus ◽  
J. C. Morrill
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Viral Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Three calves (Nos. 1, 2 = 7 days old; No. 3 = 21 days old) were inoculated subcutaneously with virulent Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus. All calves became viremic and clinically ill, but the two 7-day-old calves were moribund and were euthanatized subsequently on post-inoculation day (PID) 3. Highest viral titers were measured in the serum, with lesser concentrations in the brain, heart, spleen, and liver of these animals. Viral antigens were detected by immunohistochemical analysis only in the livers, where positive staining was localized in coalescing foci of hepatocellular necrosis. The 21-day-old calf appeared to recover after viremia and pyrexia but became lethargic and ataxic and was euthanatized on PID 9. The calf was no longer viremic, and RVF virus was isolated only from the brain. Microscopic examination of the central nervous system revealed diffuse perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes and macrophages, multifocal meningitis, and focal areas of neuronal necrosis and aggregates of macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils throughout all regions of the brain and cervical spinal cord. There was positive immunohistochemical staining for viral antigens within the cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells throughout the central nervous system. Thus, RVF virus can cause encephalomyelitis in calves, and the specific virologic diagnosis can be made by immunohistochemical localization of viral antigens in formalin-fixed tissues.

Immunocytochemical demonstration of neuropeptides in the central nervous system of the roundworm, Ascaris suum (Nematoda: Ascaroidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Brownlee ◽  
I. Fairweather ◽  
C. F. Johnston ◽  
D. Smart ◽  
C. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Cords

SUMMARYThe localization and distribution of neuropeptides in the central nervous system of the pig roundworm, Ascaris suum, have been determined by an indirect immunofluorescence technique in conjunction with confocal microscopy. Antisera to 25 vertebrate peptides and two invertebrate peptides were used to screen the worm for immunoreactivity (IR). Immuno-staining was obtained with antisera to pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), neuropeptide Y (NPY), gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), substance P (SP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (SGnRH), mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (MGnRH), chromogranin A (CGA) and FMRFamide. The most extensive patterns of IR occurred with antisera to PYY, FMRFamide and gastrin. IR was evident in nerve cells and fibres in the ganglia associated with the anterior nerve ring and in the main nerve cords and their commissures; IR to FMRFamide also occurred in the posterior nerve ring. Immunostaining for the other peptides was confined to the nerve cords, with the number of immunoreactive nerve fibres varying from peptide to peptide.

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