Emerging trends in the diagnosis of Human African Trypanosomiasis

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (14) ◽  
pp. 1977-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAGDALENA RADWANSKA
Keyword(s):  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Molecular Parasitology

SUMMARYHuman African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness is caused by protozoan parasitesTrypanosoma brucei gambienseandT. b. rhodesiense. Despite the enormous technological progress in molecular parasitology in recent years, the diagnosis of HAT is still problematic due to the lack of specific tools. To date, there are two realities when it comes to HAT; the first one being the world of modern experimental laboratories, equipped with the latest state-of-the-art technology, and the second being the world of HAT diagnosis, where the latest semi-commercial test was introduced 30 years ago (Magnuset al.1978). Hence, it appears that the lack of progress in HAT diagnosis is not primarily due to a lack of scientific interest or a lack of research funds, but mainly results from the many obstacles encountered in the translation of basic research into field-applicable diagnostics. This review will provide an overview of current diagnostic methods and highlight specific difficulties in solving the shortcomings of these methods. Future perspectives for accurate, robust, affordable diagnostics will be discussed as well.

scholarly journals Immune trypanolysis test as a promising bioassay to monitor the elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Dama ◽  
Oumou Camara ◽  
Dramane Kaba ◽  
Mathurin Koffi ◽  
Mamadou Camara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) has set the goal of gambiense-Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) elimination as a public health problem for 2020 and interruption of transmission in humans for 2030. In this context, it is crucial to monitor progress towards these targets using accurate tools to assess the level of transmission in a given area. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of the immune trypanolysis test (TL) as a population-based bioassay to evaluate Trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmission in various epidemiological contexts. Significant correlations were observed between HAT endemicity levels and the percentage of TL-positive individuals in the population. TL therefore appears to be a suitable population-based biomarker of the intensity of transmission. In addition to being used as a tool to assess the HAT status at an individual level, assessing the proportion of TL positive individuals in the population appears as a promising and easy alternative to monitor the elimination of gambiense HAT in a given area.

scholarly journals Host age and time of exposure in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Garcia ◽  
V. Jamonneau ◽  
B. Sane ◽  
F. Fournet ◽  
P. N'Guessan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Host Age ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense

scholarly journals Water and Energy nexus: findings of the World Water Development Report 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
M. Miletto
Keyword(s):  
Policy Makers ◽  
Water Development ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The World ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Many

Abstract. The post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are likely to include increased access to water and energy services. The fifth edition of the United Nations World Water Development Report (WWDR) Water and Energy aims to contribute to the this international process by informing the decision-making about the interlinkages, potential synergies and trade-offs as well as by stressing the need for appropriate responses and regulatory frameworks that account for both water and energy priorities. The Report provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the impacts of ever-increasing energy production on water resources and water users, including agriculture, rapidly expanding cities, expanding industry and the environment. It analyses major and emerging trends from around the world, with examples of how some of the trend-related challenges have been addressed, their implications for policy-makers, and further actions that can be taken by stakeholders and the international community. As the first of a new series of theme-oriented reports to be released on an annual basis, the WWDR 2014 marks a pivotal new direction for the WWDR series, for the World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP), and the many partner agencies that contribute substantially in the production of the flagship report of UN-Water.

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