scholarly journals Specific cognitive deficits in tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in obsessive–compulsive disorder

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Veale ◽  
B. J. Sahakian ◽  
A. M. Owen ◽  
I. M. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Attentional System

SynopsisForty patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) were compared to matched healthy controls on neuropsychological tests which are sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. On a computerized version of the Tower of London test of planning, the patients were no different from healthy controls in the accuracy of their solutions. However, when they made a mistake, they spent more time than the controls in generating alternative solutions or checking that the next move would be correct. The results suggest that OCD patients have a selective deficit in generating alternative strategies when they make a mistake. In a separate attentional set-shifting task, OCD patients were impaired in a simple discrimination learning task and showed a continuous cumulative increase in the number who failed at each stage of the task, including the crucial extra-dimensional set shifting stage. This suggests that OCD patients show deficits in both acquiring and maintaining cognitive sets.The cognitive deficits in OCD may be summarized as: (i) being easily distracted by other competing stimuli; (ii) excessive monitoring and checking of the response to ensure a mistake does not occur; and (iii) when a mistake does occur, being more rigid at setting aside the main goal and planning the necessary subgoals. Both studies support the evidence of fronto-striatal dysfunction in OCD and the results are discussed in terms of an impaired Supervisory Attentional System.

Cognitive Frontal Lobe Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 666-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Schmidtke ◽  
Alexander Schorb ◽  
Gabriele Winkelmann ◽  
Fritz Hohagen
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

No evidence for deficient set-shifting in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 153-153
Author(s):  
E. Fadda ◽  
S. Sottocorno ◽  
R. Martoni ◽  
E. Galimberti ◽  
L. Bellodi
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Information Sampling

IntroductionVarious neurocognitive deficits have been identified across several domains in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), including memory, response inhibition attentional processing and cognitive flexibility.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate Set Shifting in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder compared with Healthy Controls (HC).Methods44 OCD patients, according to DSM-IV criteria (APA, 1994) and 32 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Information Sampling Task (IST) selected from Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) was administered to all participants to assess cognitive flexibility. The two IST versions were counterbalanced in the samples. Delta index has been calculated as the difference between the number of the boxes opened in the fixed condition and the number of boxes opened in the decrease condition.ResultsGroup differences in Delta IST were assessed within an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model including Groups (control vs. OCD) as between-subject factor and age as a covariate. Results show a no significant main effect for group on IST Delta index (p = 0.26). A significant effect of the covariates (age) on Delta IST(p = 0.027) was found.ConclusionResults suggests that cognitive flexibility, assessed by Information Sampling Task, was not impaired in OCD patients. Future research should evaluate this evidence, taking in account for OCD clinical subtypes.

Cognitive deficits in obsessive–compulsive disorder on tests of frontal lobe functions

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Munthe Fenger ◽  
Anders Gade ◽  
Karen Husted Adams ◽  
Elsebet Steno Hansen ◽  
Tom Gert Bolwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functions

scholarly journals Dissociable source-monitoring impairments in obsessive–compulsive disorder and schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Layla Lavallé ◽  
Rémy Bation ◽  
Clément Dondé ◽  
Marine Mondino ◽  
Jérome Brunelin
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Reality Monitoring ◽  
Internal Source ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Monitoring Performance

Abstract Background: Based on the observed clinical overlap between obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), both conditions may share, at least in part, common cognitive underpinnings. Among the cognitive deficits that could be involved, it has been hypothesized that patients share a failure in their abilities to monitor their own thoughts (source monitoring), leading to confusion between what they actually did or perceived and what they imagined. Although little is known regarding source-monitoring performances in patients with OCD, numerous studies in patients with SCZ have observed a relationship between delusions and/or hallucinations and deficits in both internal source- and reality-monitoring abilities. Methods: The present work compared source-monitoring performances (internal source and reality monitoring) between patients with OCD (n = 32), patients with SCZ (n = 38), and healthy controls (HC; n = 29). Results: We observed that patients with OCD and patients with SCZ displayed abnormal internal source-monitoring abilities compared to HC. Only patients with SCZ displayed abnormalities in reality monitoring compared to both patients with OCD and HC. Conclusions: Internal source-monitoring deficits are shared by patients with OCD and SCZ and may contribute to the shared cognitive deficits that lead to obsessions and delusions. In contrast, reality-monitoring performance seems to differentiate patients with OCD from patients with SCZ.

scholarly journals Memory Functioning in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abbruzzese ◽  
L. Bellodi ◽  
S. Ferri ◽  
S. Scarone
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Neuropsychological Deficits ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Memory Functioning

A number of studies have reported neuropsychological deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These have mainly implicated frontal or temporal dysfunction. In this study, we compared the performances of OCD patients and normal subjects using a factorial interpretation of the Wechsler Memory Scale. Our results do not demonstrate significant memory impairment in OCD patients but point to the possibility of frontal lobe dysfunction as a factor in the pathophysiology of OCD.

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