scholarly journals Substance use in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2275-2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Buchy ◽  
K. S. Cadenhead ◽  
T. D. Cannon ◽  
B. A. Cornblatt ◽  
T. H. McGlashan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Longitudinal Impact ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Lower Alcohol

BackgroundA series of research reports has indicated that the use of substances such as cannabis, alcohol and tobacco are higher in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis than in controls. Little is known about the longitudinal trajectory of substance use, and findings on the relationship between substance use and later transition to psychosis in CHR individuals are mixed.MethodAt baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-ups, 735 CHR and 278 control participants completed the Alcohol and Drug Use Scale and a cannabis use questionnaire. The longitudinal trajectory of substance use was evaluated with linear mixed models.ResultsCHR participants endorsed significantly higher cannabis and tobacco use severity, and lower alcohol use severity, at baseline and over a 1-year period compared with controls. CHR youth had higher lifetime prevalence and frequency of cannabis, and were significantly younger upon first use, and were more likely to use alone and during the day. Baseline substance use did not differentiate participants who later transitioned to psychosis (n = 90) from those who did not transition (n = 272). Controls had lower tobacco use than CHR participants with a prodromal progression clinical outcome and lower cannabis use than those with a psychotic clinical outcome at the 2-year assessment.ConclusionsIn CHR individuals cannabis and tobacco use is higher than in controls and this pattern persists across 1 year. Evaluation of clinical outcome may provide additional information on the longitudinal impact of substance use that cannot be detected through evaluation of transition/non-transition to psychosis alone.

scholarly journals Tobacco use and psychosis risk in persons at clinical high risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1173-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather B. Ward ◽  
Michael T. Lawson ◽  
Jean Addington ◽  
Carrie E. Bearden ◽  
Kristin S. Cadenhead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Psychosis Risk

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of cannabis use on thalamic connectivity in youth at clinical high risk of psychosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Buchy ◽  
Tyrone D. Cannon ◽  
Alan Anticevic ◽  
Kristina Lyngberg ◽  
Kristin S. Cadenhead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals S154. TOBACCO SMOKING AND CLINICAL HIGH RISK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF THE EVIDENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S94-S95
Author(s):  
Andrea De Micheli ◽  
Albertine van Lawick van Pabst ◽  
Enass Yossef ◽  
Philip McGuire ◽  
Paolo Fusar-Poli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Russian Science Citation Index

Abstract Background There is converging evidence that youths at clinical high risk (CHR) are not only likely to develop the first episode of psychosis but also to develop poor physical outcomes. Some physical health risk factors - such as smoking - have been shown to increase the probability of a frank onset of psychosis in those at risk. A meta-analysis conducted in psychotic patients confirmed that daily tobacco use is associated with an increased risk of psychosis. A significant association between any attenuated psychotic symptoms (that characterize CHR state) and cigarette smoking has been recently shown in a study conducted in South London. Nowadays, it is not completely clear how these findings would translate to the CHR population but a better understanding of how physical health parameters could affect psychopathological outcomes could be beneficial for these vulnerable clinical populations. To shed light on the percentage of smokers in CHR populations, an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature has been carried out. Our main aim was to test whether the probability of being a smoker was higher in the CHR subjects or in the control group. Methods The literature search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. We systematically scrutinized from literature inception to 2019 the following on-line databases: Web of Science Core Collection, BIOSIS Citation Index, KCL-Korean Journal Database, MEDLINE, Russian Science Citation Index, SCiELO Citation Index. We have considered all the relevant studies reporting the smoking status in CHR subjects and in control groups. We used the odds ratio (OR) as effect size measure and data were pooled using a random effect approach. Results Preliminary data show that CHR individuals were more likely to use tobacco that matched healthy controls. Specifically, the overall OR of 2.016 (p<.001 95%CI=1.476–2.749) indicated a higher likelihood that CHR individuals would use tobacco compared to controls. Heterogeneity was not significant (I²=30.193 p=0.11). The visual inspection of funnel plots did not reveal a clear suggestion for publication bias and the Egger’s test was non-significant (p=0.10). Discussion Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that is crucial to investigate physical health outcomes such as tobacco use as part of clinical practice in CHR services. Unfortunately, current CHR assessment tools are entirely based on the measurement of psychopathological features and do not include an assessment of these parameters on a regular basis.

scholarly journals Substance use in clinical high risk for psychosis: a review of the literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Addington ◽  
Nevicia Case ◽  
Majid M. Saleem ◽  
Andrea M. Auther ◽  
Barbara A. Cornblatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Review Of The Literature

scholarly journals Relation between cannabis use and subcortical volumes in people at clinical high risk of psychosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Buchy ◽  
Daniel H. Mathalon ◽  
Tyrone D. Cannon ◽  
Kristin S. Cadenhead ◽  
Barbara A. Cornblatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Subcortical Volumes

scholarly journals Cannabis use and age at onset of symptoms in subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dragt ◽  
D. H. Nieman ◽  
F. Schultze-Lutter ◽  
F. van der Meer ◽  
H. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Clinical High Risk

Poster #184 CANNABIS USE IN PATIENTS AT CLINICAL HIGH RISK OF PSYCHOSIS: IMPACT ON PRODROMAL SYMPTOMS AND TRANSITION TO PSYCHOSIS – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. S347
Author(s):  
Floor J. van der Meer ◽  
Eva Veithorst ◽  
Carin J. Meijer ◽  
Marise W. Machielsen ◽  
Paolo Fusar-Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms

scholarly journals 155. Tobacco Use and Psychosis Risk in Persons at Clinical High Risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S80-S80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Burrell ◽  
Michael Lawson ◽  
Jean Addington ◽  
Carrie Bearden ◽  
Kristin Cadenhead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Psychosis Risk

scholarly journals Preferences for Simultaneous Polydrug Use

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-368
Author(s):  
Jeanette Østergaard ◽  
Stine V. Østergaard ◽  
Adam Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Drug Experience ◽  
Polydrug Use ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The Difference

Cross-national surveys of young adults’ simultaneous polydrug use (SPU) are rare, as measuring polydrug use requires multiple questions capturing the timing, sequence, and dosage of mixing drugs. This study proposes a new way of measuring SPU by examining how preferences for simultaneous polydrug use (PSPU) vary among club/bar-goers in two European countries, Denmark and England, typically cited as exemplars of the normalization of illegal drug use. The study considers the utility of the normalization thesis for understanding preferences for polydrug use in the European nighttime economy. An in situ survey of 1,298 young adults (18–35 years) conducted in 50 bars, pubs, and nightclubs in England and Denmark assessed sociodemographics, substance use patterns, and personal preference(s) for mixing alcohol and drug use. Multinomial regression analyses examined the relative risk of PSPU categories among those reporting drug use, according to sociodemographics, alcohol intake, frequency of intoxication, and smoking. Illicit drug use was more prevalent among young adults in England than Denmark. The difference was smallest for cannabis use: Lifetime cannabis use is 66% in England and 58% in Denmark. Lifetime cocaine use was 38% in England and 17% in Denmark. In England, young adults with drug experience preferred to mix alcohol with cocaine (65%). In Denmark, young adults with drug experience preferred to mix alcohol with cannabis (78%). In multinominal regression, Danish young adults’ educational level was associated with PSPU, whereas in England legal substance use was associated with PSPU. This study calls for a more differentiated understanding of normalization. Preferences for mixing alcohol and drug use varied significantly cross nationally (alcohol/cocaine, England; alcohol/cannabis, Denmark). Different factors are associated with PSPU in each country. In England, not Denmark, drinking behaviors appear to shape preferences for mixing alcohol with cocaine, suggesting caution should be taken when replicating harm reduction interventions.

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