Reasoning bias, working memory performance and a transdiagnostic phenotype of affective disturbances and psychotic experiences in the general population

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1799-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Reininghaus ◽  
Christian Rauschenberg ◽  
Margreet ten Have ◽  
Ron de Graaf ◽  
Saskia van Dorsselaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
General Population ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Reasoning Bias ◽  
Affective Disturbances

AbstractBackgroundThe jumping to conclusions (JTC) reasoning bias and decreased working memory performance (WMP) are associated with psychosis, but associations with affective disturbances (i.e. depression, anxiety, mania) remain inconclusive. Recent findings also suggest a transdiagnostic phenotype of co-occurring affective disturbances and psychotic experiences (PEs). This study investigated whether JTC bias and decreased WMP are associated with co-occurring affective disturbances and PEs.MethodsData were derived from the second Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-2). Trained interviewers administered the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at three time points in a general population sample (N = 4618). The beads and digit-span task were completed to assess JTC bias and WMP, respectively. CIDI was used to measure affective disturbances and an add-on instrument to measure PEs.ResultsCompared to individuals with neither affective disturbances nor PEs, the JTC bias was more likely to occur in individuals with co-occurring affective disturbances and PEs [moderate psychosis (1–2 PEs): adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) 1.17, 95% CI 0.98–1.41; and high psychosis (3 or more PEs or psychosis-related help-seeking behaviour): adjusted RRR 1.57, 95% CI 1.19–2.08], but not with affective disturbances and PEs alone, whereas decreased WMP was more likely in all groups. There was some evidence of a dose–response relationship, as JTC bias and decreased WMP were more likely in individuals with affective disturbances as the level of PEs increased or help-seeking behaviour was reported.ConclusionThe findings suggest that JTC bias and decreased WMP may contribute to a transdiagnostic phenotype of co-occurring affective disturbances and PEs.

scholarly journals T115. REASONING BIAS, WORKING MEMORY PERFORMANCE, AND A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC PHENOTYPE OF AFFECTIVE DISTURBANCES AND PSYCHOTIC EXPERIENCES IN THE GENERAL POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S160-S161
Author(s):  
Christian Rauschenberg ◽  
Ulrich Reininghaus ◽  
Margreet ten Have ◽  
Ron de Graaf ◽  
Saskia van Dorsselaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
General Population ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Reasoning Bias ◽  
Affective Disturbances

Dimensional and discrete variations on the psychosis continuum in a Dutch crowd-sourcing population sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T.W. Wigman ◽  
K.J. Wardenaar ◽  
R.B.K. Wanders ◽  
S.H. Booij ◽  
B.F. Jeronimus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
General Population ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Symptom Pattern ◽  
Psychosis Continuum ◽  
Discrete Variations

AbstractBackgroundMild psychotic experiences are common in the general population. Although transient and benign in most cases, these experiences are predictive of later mental health problems for a significant minority. The goal of the present study was to perform examinations of the dimensional and discrete variations in individuals’ reporting of subclinical positive and negative psychotic experiences in a unique Dutch internet-based sample from the general population.MethodsPositive and negative subclinical psychotic experiences were measured with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences in 2870 individuals. First, the prevalence of these experiences and their associations with demographics, affect, psychopathology and quality of life were investigated. Next, latent class analysis was used to identify data-driven subgroups with different symptom patterns, which were subsequently compared on aforementioned variables.ResultsSubclinical psychotic experiences were commonly reported. Both positive and negative psychotic experiences were associated with younger age, more negative affect, anxiety and depression as well as less positive affect and poorer quality of life. Seven latent classes (‘Low psychotic experiences’, ‘Lethargic’, ‘Blunted’, ‘Distressed’, ‘Paranormal’, ‘Distressed_grandiose’ and ‘Distressed/positive psychotic experiences’) were identified that demonstrated both dimensional differences in the number/severity of psychotic experiences and discrete differences in the patterns of reported experiences.ConclusionSubclinical psychotic experiences show both dimensional severity variations and discrete symptom-pattern variations across individuals. To understand and capture all interindividual variations in subclinical psychotic experiences, their number, nature and context (co-occurrence patterns) should be considered at the same time. Only some psychotic experiences may lay on a true psychopathological psychosis continuum.

scholarly journals Attachment style, psychotic phenomena and the relationship with aggression: an investigation in a general population sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Katherine Whale ◽  
Kathleen Green ◽  
Kevin Browne
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between attachment style, sub-clinical symptoms of psychosis and aggression in a general population sample.Design/methodology/approachUsing both convenience and snowball sampling, participants in the community (n=213) completed an online questionnaire including previously validated measures of adult attachment, aggression and psychotic experiences.FindingsResults suggested that there were statistically significant correlations between all study variables. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that total psychotic-like experiences and attachment scores significantly predicted variance in total aggression. Moderation approaches revealed that the relationship between psychotic-like events and aggression was stronger in individuals with more insecure attachment styles.Research limitations/implicationsThis generalisability of the results is compromised by the sampling methodology and the use of self-report tools. However, the significant results would support larger scale replications investigating similar variables.Originality/valueThis study suggests there is a relationship between psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and facets of aggression in the general population. These results suggest that attachment is a contributing factor to aggression associated with PLEs, and highlight the need for similar investigations within clinical samples. The results imply that attachment may be a useful construct for explanatory models of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, psychotic experiences and aggression.

scholarly journals A-139 Knowledge of Concussion is Determined by Concussion Education but not Prior Concussion or Participation in Contact Sport

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 932-932
Author(s):  
Kinmond S ◽  
Sullivan K ◽  
Singaravelu Jaganathan K
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion Knowledge ◽  
Injury Reporting ◽  
Concussion Education

Abstract Objective In order to prevent concussion and promote help-seeking behaviour, this study sought to establish baseline concussion knowledge scores in the general population and to better understand the factors that influence variations in these scores. Data Selection Participants were (N = 223) individuals over the age of 18 years (M = 35.21, SD = 14.31) recruited from the general population via an online questionnaire. Designed to measure knowledge of concussion, the questionnaire contained demographics, grouping variables (previous concussion education, n = 74; history of concussion, n = 72; and participation in contact sport, n = 36), and 37-items from the Concussion Knowledge Index (CKI) of the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS). Results Concussion knowledge was higher than expected with 79.12% of participants responding correctly to CKI items. Group comparisons found individuals with prior concussion education to be significantly higher than individuals without U = 4382.50, z = −2.526, p = .01 (two-tailed), the effect was small r = .21. There was no difference in knowledge scores for gender, participants with a history of concussion or those who participate in contact sport. Conclusion When compared to similar studies sampling contact sports players, concussion knowledge was higher than expected. High-risk groups within the study (history of concussion and contact sport) were similarly informed than the general population. Further research is needed to understand whether higher knowledge translates to increased injury reporting and safer behaviour.

scholarly journals Help-Seeking in People with Exceptional Experiences: Results from a General Population Sample

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Landolt ◽  
Amrei Wittwer ◽  
Thomas Wyss ◽  
Lui Unterassner ◽  
Wolfgang Fach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
General Population Sample

The relationship between coping and subclinical psychotic experiences in adolescents from the general population – a longitudinal study

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2535-2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lin ◽  
J. T. W. Wigman ◽  
B. Nelson ◽  
W. A. M. Vollebergh ◽  
J. van Os ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Growth Mixture Modelling ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundSubclinical psychotic experiences during adolescence may represent liability for developing psychotic disorder. Both coping style and the degree of persistence of psychotic experiences may play a role in the progression to clinical psychotic disorder, but little is known about the causal relationship between the two.MethodPath modelling was used to examine longitudinal relationships between subclinical positive psychotic experiences and three styles of coping (task-, emotion- and avoidance-oriented) in an adolescent general population sample (n=813) assessed three times in 3 years. Distinct developmental trajectories of psychotic experiences, identified with growth mixture modelling, were compared on the use of these coping styles.ResultsOver time, emotion-oriented coping in general was bi-directionally related to psychotic experiences. No meaningful results were found for task- or avoidance-oriented coping. Females reported using a wider range of coping styles than males, but the paths between coping and psychotic experiences did not differ by gender. Persistence of psychotic experiences was associated with a greater use of emotion-oriented coping, whereas a decrease in experiences over time was associated with an increased use of task-orientated coping.ConclusionsEmotion-oriented coping is the most important coping style in relation to psychotic experiences, as it may contribute to a ‘vicious cycle’ and is associated with persistence of experiences. In addition, more task-oriented coping may result in a decrease in psychotic experiences. Results suggest that opportunities for intervention may already be present at the level of subclinical psychosis.

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