Analysis of the domain structure of membranes by fragmentation and separation in aqueous polymer two-phase systems

1988 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Åke Albertsson
Keyword(s):  
Domain Structure ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
The Third ◽  
Aqueous Polymer ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
And Function

This paper consists of three parts. The first describes theoretically a general strategy for fragmentation and separation of membranes which can be used in the elucidation of their structure and function. The second part describes a practical separation method, partition in liquid aqueous polymer two-phase systems, which can be used for separation of macromolecules and membrane particles of biological origin. The third part gives examples of the application of this method to membrane vesicles, and how this separation in combination with the strategy described in the first part can be used for analysis of the structure of biological membranes.

Thermolysin-catalyzed peptide synthesis in aqueous polymer two-phase systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 197 (12) ◽  
pp. 4173-4181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Kitano ◽  
Yasushi Maeda ◽  
Masayo Yamamoto ◽  
Rie Izumida
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Synthesis ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Aqueous Polymer ◽  
Phase Systems

scholarly journals A new approach to glycan targeting: enzyme inhibition by oligosaccharide metalloshielding

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (31) ◽  
pp. 4056-4058 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Mangrum ◽  
Brigitte J. Engelmann ◽  
Erica J. Peterson ◽  
John J. Ryan ◽  
Susan J. Berners-Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Bioinorganic Chemistry ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
Major Class ◽  
And Function

Metalloglycomics – the effects of defined coordination compounds on oligosaccharides and their structure and function opens new areas for bioinorganic chemistry and expands its systematic study to the third major class of biomolecules after DNA/RNA and proteins.

Enzyme-catalyzed peptide syntheses in aqueous polymer two-phase systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Maeda ◽  
Hitomi Ito ◽  
Rie Izumida ◽  
Hiromi Kitano
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase ◽  
Aqueous Polymer ◽  
Phase Systems

scholarly journals Fin ray patterns at the fin-to-limb transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1612-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Stewart ◽  
Justin B. Lemberg ◽  
Natalia K. Taft ◽  
Ihna Yoo ◽  
Edward B. Daeschler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ray Patterns

The fin-to-limb transition was marked by the origin of digits and the loss of dermal fin rays. Paleontological research into this transformation has focused on the evolution of the endoskeleton, with little attention paid to fin ray structure and function. To address this knowledge gap, we study the dermal rays of the pectoral fins of 3 key tetrapodomorph taxa—Sauripterus taylori (Rhizodontida), Eusthenopteron foordi (Tristichopteridae), and Tiktaalik roseae (Elpistostegalia)—using computed tomography. These data show several trends in the lineage leading to digited forms, including the consolidation of fin rays (e.g., reduced segmentation and branching), reduction of the fin web, and unexpectedly, the evolution of asymmetry between dorsal and ventral hemitrichia. In Eusthenopteron, dorsal rays cover the preaxial endoskeleton slightly more than ventral rays. In Tiktaalik, dorsal rays fully cover the third and fourth mesomeres, while ventral rays are restricted distal to these elements, suggesting the presence of ventralized musculature at the fin tip analogous to a fleshy “palm.” Asymmetry is also observed in cross-sectional areas of dorsal and ventral rays. Eusthenopteron dorsal rays are slightly larger than ventral rays; by contrast, Tiktaalik dorsal rays can be several times larger than ventral rays, and degree of asymmetry appears to be greater at larger sizes. Analysis of extant osteichthyans suggests that cross-sectional asymmetry in the dermal rays of paired fins is plesiomorphic to crown group osteichthyans. The evolution of dermal rays in crownward stem tetrapods reflects adaptation for a fin-supported elevated posture and resistance to substrate-based loading prior to the origin of digits.

scholarly journals Structure and function of an ectopic Polycomb chromatin domain

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. eaau9739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip De ◽  
Yuzhong Cheng ◽  
Ming-an Sun ◽  
Natalie D. Gehred ◽  
Judith A. Kassis
Keyword(s):  
Domain Structure ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Polycomb Group ◽  
Chromatin Domain ◽  
Repressive Mark ◽  
Group Response ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
And Function

Polycomb group proteins (PcGs) drive target gene repression and form large chromatin domains. InDrosophila, DNA elements known as Polycomb group response elements (PREs) recruit PcGs to the DNA. We have shown that, within theinvected-engrailed(inv-en) Polycomb domain, strong, constitutive PREs are dispensable for Polycomb domain structure and function. We suggest that the endogenous chromosomal location imparts stability to this Polycomb domain. To test this possibility, a 79-kbentransgene was inserted into other chromosomal locations. This transgene is functional and forms a Polycomb domain. The spreading of the H3K27me3 repressive mark, characteristic of PcG domains, varies depending on the chromatin context of the transgene. Unlike at the endogenous locus, deletion of the strong, constitutive PREs from the transgene leads to both loss- and gain-of function phenotypes, demonstrating the important role of these regulatory elements. Our data show that chromatin context plays an important role in Polycomb domain structure and function.

Aqueous polymer two-phase systems: Effective tools for plasma membrane proteomics

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 5409-5417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Schindler ◽  
Hans Gerd Nothwang
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Aqueous Polymer ◽  
Membrane Proteomics ◽  
Phase Systems

A new excluded volume theory and its application to the coexistence curves of aqueous polymer two-phase systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 3971-3979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Guan ◽  
Terence H. Lilley ◽  
Timothy E. Treffry
Keyword(s):  
Excluded Volume ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Aqueous Polymer ◽  
Phase Systems
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