scholarly journals A new approach to glycan targeting: enzyme inhibition by oligosaccharide metalloshielding

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (31) ◽  
pp. 4056-4058 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Mangrum ◽  
Brigitte J. Engelmann ◽  
Erica J. Peterson ◽  
John J. Ryan ◽  
Susan J. Berners-Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Bioinorganic Chemistry ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
Major Class ◽  
And Function

Metalloglycomics – the effects of defined coordination compounds on oligosaccharides and their structure and function opens new areas for bioinorganic chemistry and expands its systematic study to the third major class of biomolecules after DNA/RNA and proteins.

New Approach for Researching Forest Ecosystem

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 3384-3389
Author(s):  
Zai Qiang Huo ◽  
Xue Qun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Edge Of Chaos ◽  
And Function ◽  
Research Frontiers

It is valuable to be researched in the application of science of complexity to the forest ecosystem. Forest ecosystem is an adaptive complex system which is suggested to be at the edge of chaos or at the criticality. The inner interaction of a forest ecosystem is the main driving force for the self-organization, complexity and order in the forest ecosystem. Forest ecosystem complexity is one of the research frontiers of ecological and evolutionary problems presently. The application of science of complexity to the forest ecosystem complexity studies, its concept, background, methodology and theory are briefly introduced. The forest ecosystem complexity is defined as the structure and function diversity, self-organization and the order of an ecosystem. Its main methods include the cellular automaton, genetic algorithm, game theory, complex network, etc. This paper has discussed mechanism and development of forest ecosystem complexity, by applying the principle and methods of science of complexity, which is a new approach for understanding ecological and evolutionary problems.

scholarly journals Fin ray patterns at the fin-to-limb transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1612-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Stewart ◽  
Justin B. Lemberg ◽  
Natalia K. Taft ◽  
Ihna Yoo ◽  
Edward B. Daeschler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ray Patterns

The fin-to-limb transition was marked by the origin of digits and the loss of dermal fin rays. Paleontological research into this transformation has focused on the evolution of the endoskeleton, with little attention paid to fin ray structure and function. To address this knowledge gap, we study the dermal rays of the pectoral fins of 3 key tetrapodomorph taxa—Sauripterus taylori (Rhizodontida), Eusthenopteron foordi (Tristichopteridae), and Tiktaalik roseae (Elpistostegalia)—using computed tomography. These data show several trends in the lineage leading to digited forms, including the consolidation of fin rays (e.g., reduced segmentation and branching), reduction of the fin web, and unexpectedly, the evolution of asymmetry between dorsal and ventral hemitrichia. In Eusthenopteron, dorsal rays cover the preaxial endoskeleton slightly more than ventral rays. In Tiktaalik, dorsal rays fully cover the third and fourth mesomeres, while ventral rays are restricted distal to these elements, suggesting the presence of ventralized musculature at the fin tip analogous to a fleshy “palm.” Asymmetry is also observed in cross-sectional areas of dorsal and ventral rays. Eusthenopteron dorsal rays are slightly larger than ventral rays; by contrast, Tiktaalik dorsal rays can be several times larger than ventral rays, and degree of asymmetry appears to be greater at larger sizes. Analysis of extant osteichthyans suggests that cross-sectional asymmetry in the dermal rays of paired fins is plesiomorphic to crown group osteichthyans. The evolution of dermal rays in crownward stem tetrapods reflects adaptation for a fin-supported elevated posture and resistance to substrate-based loading prior to the origin of digits.

Membrane proteins: is the future disc shaped?

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Lee ◽  
Naomi L. Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Biological Membranes ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Amphiphilic Copolymer ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Lipid Particles ◽  
And Function

The use of styrene maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs) for the purification of membrane proteins (MPs) is a rapidly developing technology. The amphiphilic copolymer of styrene and maleic acid (SMA) disrupts biological membranes and can extract membrane proteins in nanodiscs of approximately 10 nm diameter. These discs contain SMA, protein and membrane lipids. There is evidence that MPs in SMALPs retain their native structures and functions, in some cases with enhanced thermal stability. In addition, the method is compatible with biological buffers and a wide variety of biophysical and structural analysis techniques. The use of SMALPs to solubilize and stabilize MPs offers a new approach in our attempts to understand, and influence, the structure and function of MPs and biological membranes. In this review, we critically assess progress with this method, address some of the associated technical challenges, and discuss opportunities for exploiting SMA and SMALPs to expand our understanding of MP biology.

scholarly journals A systematic study on structure and function of ATPase of wuchereria bancrofti

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
MdAnayet Hasan ◽  
MdSaiful Islam ◽  
NazmulHasan Muzahid ◽  
NomanI bnaAmin Patwary ◽  
ShahMd Shahik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Study of adrenal morphology fromantiquity to the present day

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (101) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
T. F. Kot ◽  
S. K. Rudik ◽  
S. V. Guralska ◽  
S. S. Zaika ◽  
Z. V. Khomenko
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Macroscopic Structure ◽  
Andreas Vesalius ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
And Function

The analysis of scientific literature shows that the study of adrenal morphology in humans and animals is an urgent problem of biology and medicine from ancient times to the present day. In the historical aspect, we can distinguish three stages of studying the adrenal gland that differ in the directions of research. The first stage corresponds to the research of scientists of the XVI–XVIII centuries (Bartolomeo Eustachio, Andreas Vesalius, Gabriele Folloppio, Girolamo Fabrici, Andriaan Spieghel, Johann Vesling, Giulia Casseria, Caspar Bauhin, Johann Grafenberg, Caspar Bartholin, Thomas Bartholin, Giulio Casserio, Antonio Molinetti, Jean Riolan, Thomas Wharton, Giovanni Lancisi, Jakob Winslow, Antony Valsalva, Albrecht Haller, Johann Meckel, Jean Senac, Armand Cassan). Their works is devoted to the study of topography, macroscopic structure and function of the adrenal gland. Studies of morphological scientists of the second stage (late XVIII – mid XX century) correspond to the study of the structure of the adrenal gland at the microscopic level. Scientists like Albert Kelliker, Johann Ecker, Thomas Addison, Gabriel Colin, Alfred Kohn and Jay Arnold used histological and histochemical research methods. Edward Schafer, George Oliver, Vladislav Szymonowicz, John Abel, Jokiti Takmine, Welter Cannon, Edward Kendall to the study of the features of adrenal hormone secretion. Scientific works of the mid-twentieth and early twenty-first centuries can be combined in the third stage of research on the morphology of the adrenal gland. It is devoted to solving issues related to the formation of the adrenal gland in the process of filogenesis and ontogenesis, the features of the structure and function of the organ in normal and pathological conditions. A significant contribution to the study of the morphology of the adrenal gland of animals at the third stage was made by such scientists as Ziyade A. M., Dardykina O. N., Harina V. V., Atagimov M. Z., Torguj P. M., Antipin I. A., Shishkin A. P., Volkova M. V., Shevchenko L. F., Sidorova O. G., Vovchenko M. B., Salekh M. M., Ovcharenko N. D., Zaika S. V., Samatova I. M., Gorbacheva E. S., Pronin V. V., Kuznecov A. V., Pashinin N. S., Strel’nikova I. G., Barvenko A. D., Fedotov D. N., Izatulin A. V., Kvarackheliya A. G., Silkina A. V., Muhametov A. I. Among the studies of morphologists of the third period, the method of electron microscopy prevails.

scholarly journals An Ontology of Software: Series, Structure and Function

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Jorge Francisco Maldonado Serrano ◽  
Dairon Alfonso Rodríguez Ramírez ◽  
Paul B. Caceres ◽  
Johann Farith Petit Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Philosophy Of Information ◽  
Structural Dimension ◽  
The Third ◽  
And Function

This article proposes a guideline to develop an ontology of software. The first section gives a brief introduction to the importance of such ontology as a possible conceptual grounding for the philosophy of software, philosophy of computing and philosophy of information. The second section presents the background of the scope of this article in terms of both a symbolic and materialistic approach to software. The third section deploys the basic guidelines with the expositions of the two dimensions of software: the serial dimension and the structural dimension. The first dimension consists of three series, while the second in the exposition of the structure of any program. The fourth and last section will deal with a better understanding of what we can call the digital universe.

scholarly journals Structure and function of coordination compounds for radiopharmaceutical application

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (a1) ◽  
pp. s113-s113
Author(s):  
Andreas Roodt ◽  
Alice Brink ◽  
Marietjie Schutte-Smith ◽  
Hendrik G. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Studying the effect of socio-cultural, political and personal-family factors on returnees of international immigration in Herat city from 2015-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Ehsan Waiezi ◽  
Ahmad Hamid Wahidy
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
The Third ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
International Immigration ◽  
And Function

Immigration is one of the four factors of population transformation that incorporates time and geographical constraints on the basis of goals and motivation of human life both in place of origin and destination in a matter of structure and function. This study has analyzed socio-cultural, political and personal-family factors to international immigration. The present work is conducted in a quantitative exploratory method with a sample size of 370 returnees with a probable simple random sampling who are all living in Herat city. The questionnaire tool is used for data collection and SPSS for data analysis. The data are analyzed with the regression of each indicator of socio-cultural, political and personal-family factors as pulling factors to the international immigration. The findings indicate that the personalfamily factor with the most influential factor, political with the second influential factor, and socio-cultural as the third influential factor to the international immigration.

30S ribosomal subunits with fragmented 16S RNA: a new approach for structure and function study of ribosomes

Biochimie ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Afonina ◽  
N. Chichkova ◽  
S. Bogdanova ◽  
A. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ribosomal Subunits ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Function Study ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
And Function
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