Political Thought in Early Fourteenth-Century England: Treatises by Walter of Milemete, William of Pagula, and William of Ockham. Cary J. Nederman

Speculum ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Craig Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
William Of Ockham

Major, John (1467–1550)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Biard
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
The Middle Ages

John Major was one of the last great logicians of the Middle Ages. Scottish in origin but Parisian by training, he continued the doctrines and the mode of thinking of fourteenth-century masters like John Buridan and William of Ockham. Using a resolutely nominalist approach, he developed a logic centred on the analysis of terms and their properties, and he applied this method of analysis to discourse in physics and theology. Although he came to oppose excessive dependence on logical subtlety in theology and maintained the authority of Holy Scripture, Major’s work was stubbornly independent of the growing influence of humanism in Europe. Later, he would be regarded as representative of the heavily criticized ‘scholastic spirit’, being referred to disparagingly by Rabelais as well as by later historians such as Villoslada (1938), but at the beginning of the sixteenth century, his teaching influenced an entire generation of students in the fields of logic, physics and theology.

Metaphor and mental language in late-medieval nominalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 136-166
Author(s):  
Magali Roques
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Language And Communication ◽  
Mental Language ◽  
University Of Paris ◽  
And Function ◽  
The University

Abstract In this paper, I intend to examine the conception of metaphor developed by fourteenth-century nominalist philosophers, in particular William of Ockham and John Buridan, but also the Ockhamist philosophers who were condemned by the 1340 statute of the faculty of arts of the University of Paris. According to these philosophers, metaphor is a transfer of meaning from one word to another. This transfer is based on some similarity, and is intentionally produced by a speaker. My aim is to study whether this view on metaphor is related to a specific view on the relation between thought, language, and communication. With this case study, I intend to argue that the view on the nature of thought one holds does not necessarily determine what the nature and function of metaphor are. I will show that the three philosophical doctrines under study diverge in their understanding of the mechanisms of a metaphor, while they share the same view on the nature of thought, namely that thought is a mental language.

scholarly journals Transfer, Entanglement and Regnal Traditions. The Mobility of Ideas, or How to Define Princely Rank in England and the Empire in the Fourteenth Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jörg Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Late Medieval

This paper addresses the theme of mobility in the context of late medieval political thought, more specifically, the rhetoric of royal charters issued in England and the Holy Roman Empire in the fourteenth century.

scholarly journals Libertad y necesidad en Thomas Bradwardine

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Ignacio VERDÚ BERGANZA
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
William Of Ockham

Thomas Bradwardine was -perhaps whith William of Ockham- the greatest thinker of the fourteenth century. His influence was felt in the fields oflogic, science (mathematics and fhysics), and theology. His most important book is DE CAUSA DEI CONTRA PELLAGIUM ET DE VIRTUTE CAUSARUM. In this work, he addresses an issue that had already been thoroughly discussed amongst philosophers (and that will be revisited, especially in the 16'h, J7'h and IS'h centuries): the problem of human freedom and the need to reconcile necessity and liberty.

Uthred and the Friars: Apostolic Poverty and Clerical Dominion between FitzRalph and Wyclif

Traditio ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 235-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey L. Dipple
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Central Aspect ◽  
Mendicant Orders

The dispute between the Durham Benedictine Uthred of Boldon and members of the mendicant orders on the issue of ecclesiastical possessions was only one in a series of intra-clerical controversies in England during the later fourteenth century. Spanning a decade from the early 1360s to the early 1370s, it occupies a crucial area between the attack on mendicant privileges by Richard FitzRalph, the archbishop of Armagh, and Wyclif's denunciation of the endowed church. C. H. Thompson first pointed to the importance of this period between the activities of FitzRalph and those of Wyclif for the development of political thought. The issue has recently become more pressing with Wendy Scase's identification of the development of a “new anticlericalism” in the later fourteenth century. Older traditions of anticlericalism, she claims, had as their targets specific classes of cleric. These traditions, however, were established during this period on a new basis that allowed them to become anticlerical in the fullest sense of the word. “The old traditions of opposition to clerics were developed and unified in a new polemic which opposed all clerics. This was the essential strength and danger of the new anticlericalism.” The present study concentrates on one central aspect of this extension of the anticlerical polemic: the attack on ecclesiastical endowment.

A Post-Metaphysical Turn: Contingency and Givenness in the Early Work of Dan Flavin (1959–1964)

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-56
Author(s):  
Adi Louria-Hayon
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Husserlian Phenomenology ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
Catholic Theology ◽  
Political Stance ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Christian Iconography

Abstract Dan Flavin’s fluorescent light installations have long served art historians by marking the turn from the late modernist illusionist space of painting to the new immanence of specific objects. In the narration of this genealogy, the crux of minimalism, as Hal Foster calls it, rests on a nominal approach that proclaims metaphysical relations as an obstacle and calls out to evade any notion of meaning. By contrast, this essay asserts the primacy of metaphysics in Flavin’s [en]lighted work. By tracing the artist’s scholastic education, his contemporary theo-political stance, and his rejection of objecthood, I argue that Flavin was continuously preoccupied with Catholic theology and that his work is imbued with Christian iconography. Thinking alongside the fourteenth-century philosopher William of Ockham and the twentieth-century post-Husserlian phenomenology of Jean-Luc Marion, the evolution of Flavin’s light constructions proves relevant to the quandary of metaphysics and the role of theology in radical immanence. To bracket his metaphysics is to ignore the full implications of his art.

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