Distribution of Root-Absorbed Picloram

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Baur ◽  
R. W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Honey Mesquite

We studied changes in the concentration of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) with time in roots, stems, and leaves of 20-day-old seedlings of huisache (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.) and honey mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell). Exposing root systems to aqueous solutions of picloram (1.0 ppm huisache and 10.0 ppm honey mesquite) for 24 hr killed approximately 60% of the treated plants. In honey mesquite, picloram was redistributed and eventually lost over a 5-day period, whereas neither redistribution nor loss occurred in huisache.

A Device for Threshing Mesquite Seed

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Flynt ◽  
H. L. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Leguminous Species ◽  
Honey Mesquite

We modified a cereal huller to thresh seed of honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell]. The device threshes seed of other mesquite varieties, huisache [Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.], and other leguminous species.

Hexazinone and Other Herbicides on Texas Woody Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Meyer ◽  
R. W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Gleditsia Triacanthos ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Quercus Stellata ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione] was applied to honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthosL.), honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell], huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.], live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.), Macartney rose (Rosa bracteataWendl.), post oak (Quercus stellataWangenh.), saw greenbrier (Smilax bona-noxL.), whitebrush (Aloysia lycioidesCham.), and yaupon (Ilex vomitoriaAit.). Bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil) and tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea} were used for comparison in some experiments. Hexazinone was required at the following rates to kill at least 75% of the following species: 1.1 kg/ha for live oak, 2.2 kg/ha for post oak, 4.5 kg/ha for huisache (at Bryan, Texas) and whitebrush, and 9 kg/ha for honeylocust. Hexazinone was ineffective at 9 kg/ha for control of honey mesquite, huisache (at Washington, Texas), Macartney rose, saw greenbrier, and yaupon. Tebuthiuron at 1.1 kg/ha killed 80% of the live oak, and as a subsurface spray at 4.5 kg/ha, killed huisache (at Washington, Texas). Bromacil was effective on huisache at 9 kg/ha.

Picloram and 2,4,5-T Influence on Honey Mesquite Morphology

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Seeds of honey mesquite(Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell) were germinated and grown in aqueous solutions of the sodium salt of (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T) or the potassium salt of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram). Elongation of germinating seedling hypocotyls and roots was progressively inhibited by increasing concn of each herbicide up to about 1 or 2 mg/L the first 2 days. After 5 and 10 days, progressively more inhibition occurred at 5 to 10 mg/L of 2,4,5-T and 1 to 2 mg/L of picloram. Four-month-old honey mesquite seedlings were treated with foliar sprays of the 2-ethylhexyl ester of 2,4,5-T or the potassium salt of picloram. Both herbicides caused curling of the stem tip, death of the growing point, cracking below the leaf, and increased numbers of lateral roots. Both herbicides caused phellem cells to enlarge radially, inner cortext and phloem parenchyma to proliferate, and xylem vessels to lignify without enlarging. Starch granules disappeared from treated plants within 8 days and re-occurred in treated plants only 53 days after spraying. Picloram was slightly more toxic to honey mesquite seedlings than 2,4,5-T.

Control of Woody Plants with Herbicide Mixtures

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Meyer ◽  
R. W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell], huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.], Macartney rose (Rosa bracteataWendl.), live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.), and whitebrush (Aloysia lycioidesCham.) were sprayed with herbicides alone and in mixtures. Mixtures of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) + dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) at 0.56 + 0.56 and 1.12 + 1.12 kg/ha were most effective for killing honey mesquite in July. Picloram or picloram + dicamba were more effective for defoliating huisache than 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], dicamba, or other mixtures of herbicides. On Macartney rose picloram as the salt or ester was most effective, but some mixtures of picloram plus either 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] or 2,4,5-T were as effective as picloram alone. On live oak, the most effective treatments generally contained at least 1.12 kg/ha of picloram either alone or in mixtures with dicamba or 2,4,5-T. Picloram alone killed as many or more whitebrush plants than MCPA [[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid], dicamba, 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D, or mixtures.

Herbicide Combinations for Woody Plant Control

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
F. S. Davis ◽  
H. L. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Plant Control ◽  
Honey Mesquite

We studied 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) alone and in combination with 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) or 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salt (paraquat) for control of several greenhouse, nursery, and natural-grown, woody plant species. Picloram:paraquat combinations improved the control of some species such as yaupon (Ilex vomitoria Ait.) as compared to picloram alone at equal rates; but it had an antagonistic effect on huisache (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.) and honey mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell). Evaluation of picloram: 2,4,5-T combinations suggested that 2,4,5-T sometimes could be added in equal amounts to picloram to increase control or reduce picloram rates proportionately on huisache, honey mesquite and live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.).

Mortality of Honey Mesquite and Huisache Seedlings from Herbicides and Top Removal

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
R. E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Soil Level ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) were sprayed at 0.28 kg/ha on honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell] and huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.] seedlings 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after emergence from seed under greenhouse conditions. Picloram or 2,4,5-T killed 73% or more of the honey mesquite up to 8 weeks after emergence, but the percent killed declined thereafter. Picloram killed more than 90% of the huisache seedlings when applied from 1 to 8 weeks after emergence. Less than 60% of the honey mesquite or huisache seedlings were killed with dicamba at any treatment date. Clipping the plants at the soil level resulted in high mortality (96 to 100%) of both species 1 to 2 weeks after emergence. Treating regrowth of clipped 1-year-old honey mesquite and huisache with 0.28 kg/ha of picloram, dicamba, or 2,4,5-T produced results similar to those obtained from plants grown from seed.

Effect of Paraquat and 2,4,5-T on the Uptake and Transport of Picloram in Woody Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Davis ◽  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
M. G. Merkle
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Inverse Effect ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Uptake And Transport ◽  
Honey Mesquite

We studied the uptake and transport of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) alone and in combination and in the presence of 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salt (paraquat) by honey mesquite (Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell), huisache (Acacia farnesianaL. Willd., yaupon (Ilex vomitoriaAit.), and bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.). Paraquat reduced transport of picloram by mesquite, huisache, and bean. Paraquat increased uptake of picloram by yaupon but did not affect transport. The uptake and transport of 2,4,5-T by mesquite decreased in the presence of picloram, but the uptake and transport of picloram increased in the presence of 2,4,5-T. Increasing ratios of 2,4,5-T:picloram up to 16:1 continued to increased uptake and transport of picloram; the inverse effect occurred for 2,4,5-T when picloram:2,4,5-T ratios were increased.

Germination Response of Some Woody Plant Seeds to Electrical Treatment

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Nelson ◽  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
L. E. Stetson
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Dielectric Heating ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Electrical Treatment ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Seed lots of Macartney rose(Rosa bracteataWendl.), yaupon(Ilex vomitoriaAit.) huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.], and honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell] were exposed for various periods to radiofrequency (RF) dielectric heating by electromagnetic fields of 10 and 39 megahertz (MHz) at various field intensities in attempts to increase their germination. Both continuous-wave and pulse-modulated exposures were used at 39 MHz. Seed samples were preconditioned at temperatures from 24 to −43 C before exposure. Sixty-Hz a-c and d-c electrical treatments were included in some experiments. Although significant increases in germination were obtained by RF treatment of huisache and honey mesquite seed in some experiments, results with different huisache seed lots were inconsistent. The germination of Macartney rose seed was not increased, and no germination was observed in yaupon, regardless of the treatment employed.

Herbicide Concentrations in Honey Mesquite Phloem

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Davis ◽  
R. E. Meyer ◽  
J. R. Baur ◽  
R. W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Soil Line ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Low Rate ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Herbicide content in honey mesquite(Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell) phloem 48 hr after treatment was higher in stems within 20 cm of the foliage than in those near the soil line. Similar levels of (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T) occurred from applications of either 0.56 or 1.12 kg/ha, whereas three times as much 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) occurred in plants sprayed with the high rate than in those sprayed with the low rate. Herbicide concentration was highest in June and lowest in August.

Effect of Ethephon on Mesquite and Huisache Stem Anatomy

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Robnett ◽  
P. R. Morey
Keyword(s):  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Xylem Parenchyma ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Secondary Wall Deposition ◽  
Normal Vessel ◽  
Xylem Formation ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Application of the ethylene-releasing agent ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) as a lanolin paste to stems of honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockrell] caused the development of abnormal periderm, cortical, and xylem tissues in a localized portion of the stem within 1 cm of the treatment site. Ethephon inhibited secondary wall deposition in xylem parenchyma cells, whereas normal vessel element differentiation was unaffected. Similar changes in xylem formation occur in ethephon-treated huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.]. Ethephon and 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] applied separately to honey mesquite and huisache stems have similar inhibitory effects on parenchyma cell differentiation but differ markedly in their effects on vessel element formation.

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