Allelopathic activiti of eastern galega seeds with oil crops

Relevanсe. The novelty of our research lies in the fact that for the first time the allelopathic interaction of eastern galega seeds with a wide range of oilseeds is being studied. The aim of this work is to study the allelopathic effect in the initial stages of plant ontogenesis. The objectives of the study were to identify cultures with a positive and negative impact on the growth and development of sprouts of eastern galega. The objects of research were eastern galega Magister, false saffron Alexandrite, saperda mustard Lux, spring rape Tavrion, hemp Nadezhda, spring cress Iskra, white mustard Lucia, abyssinian colewort Polet, ethiopian niger seed Medea, oil radish Fiolina, damascene fennelflower Yalita, hybrid sunflower P63 LE 10 (XF 3020), winter camelina Baron, spring camelina Velez, oilseed flax Istok. The experiments were carried out in two layouts in 2019–2020 on the basis of a separate division of the Federal research center for fiber crops in the Penza region.Methods. The evaluation of allelopathic activity was carried out using a method that involves the germination of plant seeds, followed by the calculation of the percentage of germination. The number of seeds and seedlings at different stages of ontogenesis was determined along with measuring the length of the root, stem and leaf.Results. At the initial stages of ontogenesis, a weak negative allelopathic effect on the eastern galega is exerted by the abyssinian colewort Polet — the number of fullfledged seedlings was -6,1% to the control. A positive effect on the germination and development of galega seedlings is exerted by damascene fennelflower Yalita (+8,3% to control), ethiopian niger seed Medea (+8,1 to control), oilseed flax Istok (+6,4% to control). In general, the length of the galega seedling was at the level of control with damascene fennelflower and ethiopian niger seed is 3,27 and 3,24 cm (-0,40 and 0,43 cm respectively). A significant decrease is observed in the variants with oilseed flax, spring camelina, winter camelina, spring rape, false saffron, sunflower, saperda mustard, white mustard, hemp, abyssinian colewort and spring cress — from 2,81 to 1,66 cm (-0,86–2,01 cm to control).

Effect of Ethephon Application on Seed Yield and Yield Components of Two Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Cultivars

The aim of present study was to determine the effects of different ethephon doses on grain yield and yield components of two faba bean cultivars. The experiment was established in 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 cropping season at Research Area of Field Crops Department, Agriculture of Faculty, Cukurova University Adana, Turkey. The field experiment was laid out in randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications on the basis split plot design with cultivars (Luz de Otono and Histal) in main plots and ethephon doses (0, 500, 1000, 1500 g ha-1) in sub plots. Plant height (cm), branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed yield per plant (g), 100 grain weight (g), seed yield (kg ha-1) were investigated. Differences among the cultivars and ethephon applications were significant for seed yield and it varied from 1782 to 3388 kg ha-1 in the mean of the years. Seed yield also decreased with increasing ethephon doses. Seed yield was higher in 2019/2020 (3355 kg ha) than 2020/2021 (1841 kg ha-1) where low rainfed and high temperature. The present results suggested that ethephon applications at inititation of flowering were not useful for seed production of faba bean.

In vitro study of antimicrobial activity of some plant seeds against bacterial strains causing food poisoning diseases

In this research, some plant seeds powder was evaluated to find their potential effect to rule diseases of food poisoning. Antimicrobial effect of five plant seeds was examined contra Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella. pneumonia and Candida albicans by using well diffusion method. Antimicrobial activity studies revealed high potential activity of plant seeds powder of Nigella sativa L., cucurbita pepo, Sesamum radiatum, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Linum usitatissimum with variable efficiency contra tested microbial strains with concentration of 100 mg/ml, except Sesamum radiatum scored no effect. The T. foenum and N. sativa seed powder showed the largest inhibition zone (24-20 mm) contra K. pneumonia, followed by S. aureus (20-18 mm) and C. albicans (15mm) respectively. The five plant seeds powder exhibited bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects with MIC’s 20 and MBC 40 mg/ml against K. pneumonia, and MIC’s 40 and MBC 60 mg/ml against S. aureus. The results of this study indicated that plants seeds powder have promising antimicrobial activities and their potential applications in food process. It could be utilized as a natural medicinal alternative instead of chemical substance.

Treatment of Winery Wastewater with a Combination of Adsorption and Thermocatalytic Processes

The release of winery wastewater (WW) into the environment, without proper treatment, can cause severe problems to freshwater quality and natural fauna and flora. Therefore, in this work a treatment process was studied, combining adsorption and thermocatalytic oxidation processes. In a more specific way, it optimized the combination of activated sodium bentonite (Na-Mt) and potassium persulfate (KPS)/sodium percarbonate (SPC) as oxidant agents. With the combination of best operational conditions of adsorption ([Na-Mt] = 5.0 g/L, pH = 3.0, V = 500 mL, agitation 350 rpm, T = 298 K, t = 24 h) and thermocatalytic oxidation processes (/H2O2 ratio = 1:0.25, /H2O2 dosage = 0.1:0.025 (g/g), pH = 7.0, T = 343 K, agitation 350 rpm, t = 2 h), a total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand and total polyphenols removal of 76.7, 81.4 and >99% was achieved, respectively. Finally, it was evaluated the effect of the treatment processes in the germination index (GI) of different plant seeds. A GI > 80% was achieved, showing a low phytotoxicity effect of the processes applied in the winery wastewater treatment.

AQAD PROGRAM BANTUAN DINAS PERTANIAN KELOMPOK TANI BAGI DALAM TINJUAN FIQH MUAMALAH (Studi di Jorong Bulan Sarik Nagari Sungai Jambu Kecamatan Pariangan Kabupaten Tanah Datar)

The problem of this research is how the form of assistance at the Department of Agriculture is given to farmer groups, what type of contract is the provision of assistance to farmer groups. The purpose of this study was to identify and explain the form of assistance at the Department of Agriculture given to farmer groups, what types of contracts for providing assistance to farmer groups. The research method that the author uses is a qualitative research method using field research with observation and interview data collection techniques. Primary data sources consist of the head of the field extension, the village guardian, the head and members of the farmer group. The data processing carried out here is qualitative. Based on the results of the research that the author has done, the implementation of the provision of assistance in 2019, 2020, and 2019 from the Department of Agriculture to farmer groups in Jorong Bulan Sarik Nagari Sungai Jambu was carried out by handing over assistance provided in the form of freelance assistance which could be utilized by members and the head of the farmer group, the assistance is in the form of plant seeds and farming machinery. After the assistance is given, there is no form of return agreement with the Agriculture service or the village guardian. In the utilization of harvests from the assistance of the Department of Agriculture will also be enjoyed by farmer groups who receive the assistance. So the implementation of providing assistance to the group that occurs contains a halal element because there are no arguments that prohibit it.

History and Prospects for the Application of X-Ray Diffraction Analysis in Seed Breeding and Seed Study

Introduction. X-ray analysis has been applied for visualizing the internal structure of various objects for over 100 years. However, this method began to be used for assessing the quality of plant seeds only in the early 1980s. The main impediment was a lack of specialized instruments, particularly X-ray sources, that could provide informative images. Advancements in the field of microfocus radiography allowed significant results to be achieved, including the preparation of the National Standard GOST R 596032021 "Agricultural Seeds. Methods of digital radiography".Aim. An analytical review of Russian research studies in the field of X-ray diffraction analysis of plant seeds.Materials and methods. Key stages in the development of microfocus X-ray diffraction analysis of seeds and individual parts of plants for agricultural and other purposes are considered. The design of instruments, including digital ones, created for the implementation of the method are described.Results. In order to obtain informative X-ray diffraction images of plant seeds, which objects are generally characterized by small sizes and small density, the focal spot of the X-ray tube should not exceed several tens of microns under the voltage of not higher than several tens of kilovolts. As a system for visualizing a latent X-ray image, it is preferable to use image receivers based on a screen with a photostimulated phosphor or flat-panel solid-state X-ray detectors. These instruments have been successfully used to identify and describe the radiographic signs of a normal seed and nine main types of defects for 600 plant species.Conclusion. In comparison with the conventional contact radiography, microfocus radiography produces X-ray images of seeds with a projection magnification of the image up to several tens of times. Such images permit highly detailed visualization of the structure of seeds that differ slightly in density.

Features of the optical medium of the surface of plant seeds

It was found that the integumentary tissue of plant seeds has the property of enhancing luminescence light. This phenomenon manifests itself in both the time and frequency domain. The gain factor (in power), depending on the type of seed, varies from 1.7 (beans) to 2.6 (rye). To determine it, the optical medium of the plant seed surface was represented as a dynamic link having an input and output. The impulse (time) characteristic of the link was found by the relaxation curve of luminescence. The dependence of the gain on temperature is expressed in the fact that when it decreases from 50 oC to –30 oC, the gain increases from 1.73 to 2.48. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that at the stage of relaxation of luminescence, the absorption coefficient of the optical medium of the seed surface takes a negative value