Influence of Organosilicone Surfactants and Spray Nozzle Types on the Fate and Efficacy of Clopyralid on Honey Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa)

Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of two organosilicone surfactants and spray nozzle types on the spray deposition, absorption, translocation, and efficacy of the monoethanolamine salt of clopyralid on honey mesquite. Sylgard 309 or Silwet L-77 added to the spray solution at 0.1, 025 and 0.5% by vol did not increase spray deposition, absorption, translocation, or phytotoxicity of clopyralid applied at 140 g ae ha-1on honey mesquite compared to no surfactant An air-assist spray nozzle at 9.4 L ha-1by vol resulted in greater initial clopyralid deposit on honey mesquite than hydraulic nozzles at 9.4 or 187 L ha-1by vol, but air-assist application did not increase phytotoxicity compared to hydraulic nozzles.

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Spray Deposition of Clopyralid on Honey Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00027226 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 499-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rodney W. Bovey ◽

Raymond A. Stermer ◽

Louis F. Bouse

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Spray Deposition ◽

Prosopis Glandulosa ◽

Spray Droplet ◽

Spray Solution ◽

Spray Volume ◽

Spray Deposit ◽

Honey Mesquite

Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of clopyralid formulation, spray droplet size, and spray volume on deposit of clopyralid on greenhouse-grown honey mesquite. The addition of surfactant WK at 0.5% (v/v) of the spray solution caused a twofold increase in deposition of spray of the monoethanolamine salt (MEA) of clopyralid but not the oleylamine salt (OLA). There were no differences in spray deposit between spray droplet size spectrums of 160 or 330 μm Dv.5or spray solution applications of 47 or 187 L ha-1. Dye and gas chromatography measurements of spray deposit of clopyralid compared favorably except where surfactant WK was used with the OLA formulation.

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Influence of Adjuvants on the Deposition, Absorption, and Translocation of Clopyralid in Honey Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500079157 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 253-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rodney W. Bovey ◽

Hugo Hein ◽

Robert E. Meyer ◽

L. Fred Bouse

Keyword(s):

Liquid Surface ◽

Prosopis Glandulosa ◽

Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽

Spray Solution ◽

Liquid Surface Tension ◽

Methyl Cyclohexane ◽

Spray Volume ◽

Spray Deposit ◽

Plant Surfaces ◽

Honey Mesquite

The addition of surfactant (trimethylnonylpolyethoxyethanol) at 0.5% (v/v) of the spray solution caused a twofold increase in the deposit of clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) applied at 0.14 or 0.28 kg ae/ha on greenhouse-grown honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosaTorr. # PRCJG) and increased transport into the plants compared to clopyralid applied alone. Application of equal rates of benazolin [4-chloro-2-oxo-3(2H)-benzothiazoleacetic acid] with clopyralid at 0.28 + 0.28 kg/ha enhanced transport of clopyralid into honey mesquite. Spray deposit, absorption, and translocation of clopyralid was unaffected by addition of 0.5% (v/v) of d'limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexane). Greater spray deposit of clopyralid on plant surfaces after addition of surfactant was associated with reduced liquid surface tension and greater percentage of spray volume in small droplets (<204-μm diam).

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Phytotoxicity and Uptake of Clopyralid in Honey Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) as Affected by Adjuvants and Other Herbicides

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500074397 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 20-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rodney W. Bovey ◽

Hugo Hein ◽

Robert E. Meyer

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Prosopis Glandulosa ◽

Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽

Spray Solution ◽

Methyl Cyclohexane ◽

Honey Mesquite

The addition of surfactant I (trimethylnonylpolyethoxyethanol) or surfactant II (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl cyclohexane) at 0.5% (v/v) to the spray solution or 1:1 mixtures of benazolin [4-chloro-2-oxo-3(2H)-benzothiazole-aceticacid], picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), or triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichioro-2-pyridinyl) oxy] acetic acid} with clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) each at 0.28 kg ae/ha enhanced the phytotoxicity of clopyralid on honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosaTorr. # PRCJG) compared to clopyralid applied alone. Addition of surfactant I, surfactant II, picloram, or triclopyr to clopyralid enhanced its absorption into leaves by 4 h after treatment and movement into upper-stem phloem by all additives by 1 day after treatment. When combined at equal rates, more clopyralid than picloram was transported into stems.

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Influence of working pressure and spray nozzle on the distribution of spray liquid in manual backpack sprayers

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000442018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 ◽

Author(s):

Alcides Marangoni Junior ◽

Marcelo da Costa Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Spray Nozzle ◽

Hollow Cone ◽

Distribution Profile ◽

Working Pressure ◽

Spray Solution ◽

Phytosanitary Treatment ◽

Spray Distribution ◽

Distribution Uniformity

ABSTRACT Manual backpack sprayers are widely used in rural properties in Brazil. However, studies that assess their working characteristics, especially spray tip models and working pressure conditions, are scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess how much the working pressure and spray tips influence the distribution quality of phytosanitary spray solutions in manual backpack sprayers. Four spray nozzles (standard flat-fan Magnojet TP11002, turbo flat-fan TeeJet TT11002, hollow-cone TeeJet TXA8002, and disc-core) were assessed in a patternator table at 1, 2, 3, and 4 bar. Analyses of spray distribution profile were performed by symmetry and the coefficient of variation (CV) analysed by the Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Spray tip models and working pressure influenced in more than 100% the distribution uniformity values of spray solution and in about 50% the useful range of the phytosanitary treatment. Among the models assessed in this study, the turbo flat-fan spray nozzle presents the best set of characteristics to be indicated for manual backpack sprayers aiming at field phytosanitary treatments.

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Seedling Growth Responses of Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) to Tebuthiuron and Honey Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500026515 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 88-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. Allen Rasmussen ◽

Roger P. Smith ◽

Charles J. Scifres

Keyword(s):

Seedling Growth ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Prosopis Glandulosa ◽

Average Height ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Soil Columns ◽

Pennisetum Ciliare ◽

Shoot Weight ◽

Soil Changes ◽

Honey Mesquite

Tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea} at 2 or 4 ppmw placed 0 to 3, 8 to 11, or 15 to 18 cm deep in soil columns reduced root and shoot weights of buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare(L.) Link # PESCI] 30 days after emergence. Plains bristlegrass (Setaria macrostachyaH.B.K.) seedling shoot weights were not reduced when 2 ppmw tebuthiuron was placed 8 to 11 cm deep or deeper. Effects of tebuthiuron at 0.13 to 0.50 ppmw on buffelgrass shoot and net tiller production were not moderated by the presence of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa# PRCJG) in the pots. However, regardless of tebuthiuron dosage, average height and shoot weight of buffelgrass seedlings were greater when seedlings were grown in soil collected from beneath honey mesquite canopies compared to growth in soil from interspaces. Therefore, spatial variations in buffelgrass response to applications of tebuthiuron for control of invading shrubs may largely be attributed to soil changes induced by woody plants rather than to presence of shrubs.

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Chromosomal Changes in Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (Honey Mesquite) Species Widely Distributed in North America

CYTOLOGIA ◽

10.1508/cytologia.86.235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 235-239

Author(s):

Fernando Tapia-Pastrana

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Prosopis Glandulosa ◽

Chromosomal Changes ◽

Honey Mesquite

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Efficacy of Imazamox with Centrifugal Energy Spray Nozzle on Eichhornia crassipes and Economic Analysis of Control Viability

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

N. GARLICH ◽

C.C.O. GUARNIERI ◽

R.L.G. FREITAS ◽

J.H.C. CERVONI ◽

C. CRUZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Control ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Spray Nozzle ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Application Technology ◽

Spray Solution ◽

Leaf Retention ◽

The Cost ◽

Solution Volume

ABSTRACT: The efficacy of imazamox to control Eichhornia crassipes with a centrifugal energy spray nozzle at doses and volumes of spray solution and the costs of mechanical and chemical control of aquatic plants were evaluated in this study. Imazamox doses consisted of 200, 400, and 600 g a.i. ha-1, and spray solution volumes consisted of 25, 50, and 100 L ha-1, with a control (without herbicide application) and ten replications. Applications were performed with a centrifugal energy spray nozzle. The evaluations were carried out considering the percentage of control at 7, 15, 21, and 30 days after application (DAA), and plant dry matter was measured at 30 DAA, as well as leaf retention of spray solutions. An efficacy from 96 to 100% and plant dry matter reduction from 88 to 100% was observed at 30 DAA using imazamox doses of 200, 400, and 600 g a.i. ha-1 and a spray solution volume of 50 L ha-1. Imazamox doses and spray solution volumes were effective in controlling E. crassipes, except for 200 g a.i. ha-1 and 25 L ha-1, respectively. The highest leaf retention of E. crassipes was 0.010 mL cm2 at an imazamox dose of 400 g a.i. ha-1 and volume of 50 L ha-1. The cost of chemical control was 20 times lower when compared to mechanical control, making it economically more viable. These results are important for decision-making on which method and application technology should be used to control E. crassipes.

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Concentration of 2,4,5-T, Triclopyr, Picloram, and Clopyralid in Honey Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) Stems

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500066698 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 211-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rodney W. Bovey ◽

Hugo Hein ◽

Robert E. Meyer

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Prosopis Glandulosa ◽

Stem Tissue ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽

Honey Mesquite

Triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid}, 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), and clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) were applied to honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosaTorr. # PRCJG) on seven different dates about every 3 weeks from May to September in 1980 and 1981. Concentrations of 2,4,5-T or triclopyr in stem tissue were usually less than 2 μg/g fresh weight regardless of date of application. Concentrations of picloram and clopyralid were as high as 11 and 22 μg/g fresh weight, respectively, in upper stem phloem at some dates of application. Higher concentrations of all herbicides were detected in upper stem phloem than in the upper stem xylem or basal stem phloem or xylem. More herbicide tended to be detected in stems when herbicides were applied early (May and June) than late (August and September) in the season. Concentrations of triclopyr and picloram recovered from honey mesquite stems were about 25% greater at 3 than at 30 days after treatment, whereas concentrations of 2,4,5-T and clopyralid were about 50% greater at 3 than at 30 days after application.

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Phytotoxicity, Absorption, and Translocation of Five Clopyralid Formulations in Honey Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500055788 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 19-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rodney W. Bovey ◽

Hugo Hein ◽

F. Nelson Keeney

Keyword(s):

Potassium Salt ◽

Free Acid ◽

Prosopis Glandulosa ◽

Acid Form ◽

Foliar Sprays ◽

Treated Leaf ◽

Treatment Application ◽

Honey Mesquite

Foliar sprays of the monoethanolamine salt, potassium salt, free acid, and 1-decyl ester of clopyralid were more effective in killing greenhouse-grown honey mesquite than the 2-ethylhexyl ester at rates of 0.28 ae/ha or less. More clopyralid was transported to the lower canopy from application of the monoethanolamine salt and potassium salt than the 2-ethylhexyl ester of clopyralid at 4 h or 1, 3, or 8 days after treatment. Application of the monoethanolamine salt and the 2-ethylhexyl ester to leaves with a pipet indicated that about twice as much clopyralid was absorbed within 15 min from the ester form (26%) than from the amine form (12%) of the total recovered. However, after 24 h, absorption of the ester was less than the amine. More than twice as much clopyralid was transported from the treated leaf after application of amine than the ester. Only the acid form of clopyralid was transported away from the site of application of either ester or amine.

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