Central Europe's Gentle Voice of Reason: Bílejovský and the Ecclesiology of Utraquism

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 29-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk V. David
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Underground Resistance ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
The Church

The Utraquist Church of Bohemia was unique among the late medieval defections in Western Christendom from the Church of Rome in that it involved the separation of an entire church, organized on a national territory, not merely an underground resistance of relatively isolated and scattered groups of sectarians, like the Waldensians or the Lollards. Moreover, the Bohemian Reformation was linked with a major social upheaval, the Hussite Revolution, lasting from 1419 to 1434, which historians have viewed as an early specimen, if not a prototype or the first link in the chain, of the revolutions of the early modern period in the Euroatlantic world: the Dutch, the English, the American, and the French revolutions. Building mainly on the Bohemian Reform movement that had gathered momentum since the mid-fourteenth century, the Utraquists' defiance of Rome, leading to the Hussite Revolution, was sparked by the burning of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance on July 6, 1415.

Early Accusations of Well Poisoning against Jews: Medieval Reality or Historiographical Fiction?

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-539
Author(s):  
Tzafrir Barzilay
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Reliable Evidence

This article reexamines the idea prevalent in existing historiography that Jews were accused of well poisoning before 1321. It argues that the historians who studied the origins of such accusations were misled by sources written in the early modern period to think that Jews were charged with well poisoning as early as the eleventh century. However, a careful analysis of the sources reveals that there is little reliable evidence that such cases happened before the fourteenth century, much less on a large scale. Thus, the conclusions of the article call for a new chronology of well-poisoning charges made against Jews, starting closer to the fourteenth century.

Reformed Theology and the Church Fathers

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Aza Goudriaan
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Church

The purpose of this chapter is to describe and explain the inherent ambivalence of the reception of patristic writers in (early modern) Reformed theology by concentrating on the early modern period, when patristic authority was discussed intensely, and on those aspects of the reception history that are, more or less strictly, concerned with theology. The theological continuity between Reformed theology and the church fathers is visible most obviously in the adoption of early Christian creeds and in the fact that Reformed theologians commented upon and explained their own confessions by means of compilations of patristic testimonies. The pursuit of catholicity evidenced by numerous other publications and by the corresponding acceptance of patristic heresiology, however, had evident limitations, and was accompanied by caveats and criticisms that have been articulated from the sixteenth century onwards.

The Shapes of Romance in the Renaissance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Moore
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Morte Darthur ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Period

The early modern period is often characterized as a time of energetic reshapings in literature, religion, and culture. Starting from the premise that the interrogation and reshaping of human subjects is also one of the key enterprises of late medieval and early modern romance, this article analyzes what Caxton might have meant in ascribing “humanyté” to Malory’sMorte Darthurand considers some of the re-formations practised on human “shapes,” or bodies, in Sidney’sArcadiaand Lodge’sRosalynd. It argues that romance’s exploration of the human, particularly the malleability of body and mind, facilitates the transformation of its own generic “shape.”

“Most Hevynesse and Sorowe”: The Presence of Emotions in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Court of Chancery

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merridee L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Court Of Chancery

Finding emotions in medieval and early modern sources is one of the more difficult challenges currently facing historians. The task of uncovering emotions in legal records is even more fraught. Legal sources were precisely crafted to meet legal requirements and jurisdictional issues. Equally, emotions were not part of the jurisdiction of any court in the late Middle Ages or early modern period and there was no legal interest in eliciting them from litigants. Why then would we begin to think it is possible to find emotions in these legal records? This article invites social and legal historians to begin considering these questions by investigating the emotions in cases brought into the court of Chancery between 1386 and 1558.

Guilds, Immigration, and Immigrant Economic Organization: Alien Goldsmiths in London, 1480–1540

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Charlotte Berry
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The City ◽  
High Skill

Abstract Immigration was essential to trades reliant on fashion and high skill in London around the turn of the sixteenth century. This article explores the patterns of migration to the city by continental goldsmiths between 1480 and 1540 and the structure of the communities they formed. It argues that attitudes to migration within the London Goldsmiths’ Company, which governed the trade, were complex and shifted in response to evolving national legislation. A social network analysis of the relationships between alien masters and servants indicates how the alien community changed and adapted. Taking a view across the traditional late medieval and early modern period boundary allows for a deeper understanding of how attitudes to migration and to migrant communities changed as London's population began to grow.

scholarly journals THEATER OF THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD: BETWEEN “SCHOOL” AND “CITY”

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-111
Author(s):  
Зинаида Андреевна Лурье
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
City Community ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Medieval Germany ◽  
The City

В статье на материале позднесредневековой Германии рассматривается место театра как коммуникативного канала в городском пространстве. Автор исходит из представления о том, что в диалоге между властью и городской общиной важнейшую роль играли паратеатральные практики (процессии, различные игры и пр.), тогда как собственно спектакли начиная с первых десятилетий XV в. были каналом внутригородской коммуникации. К производству спектаклей имели доступ разные сословия, что обуславливало в целом нейтральный характер театральных текстов, выполняющих главным образом консервативную и развлекательную функции. Изменилась ли роль театра в связи с развитием гуманизма и с институциализацией театра внутри школьной системы в раннее Новое время? В статье предпринята попытка ответить на этот вопрос на материале творчества раннего протестантского литератора Сикста Бирка. В историографии его творчество рассматривается через призму политического измерения, а сам он – как весьма рафинированный, интеллектуальный литератор. Однако, как считает автор статьи, тексты Бирка мало отличаются от позднесредневековой традиции. Анализ показывает, что Бирк утверждает все те же ценности стабильности и транслируют прежние топосы. Однако «Школа» явно подталкивает «Город» к осмыслению социального опыта. The article, based on the material of late medieval Germany, examines the place of the theater as a communicative channel in urban space. The author proceeds from the idea that paratheatre (processions, various games, etc.) played an important role in the dialogue between the authorities and the city community, whereas performances themselves, starting from the first decades of the 15th century, were a channel of intercity communication. Different classes had access to the production of performances, which led to the generally neutral nature of theatrical texts that performed mainly conservative and entertaining functions. Has the role of the theater changed in connection with the development of humanism and institutionalization of the theater within the school system in the Early Modern Period? The article attempts to answer this question on the material of the works of the early Protestant writer Sixt Birck. In historiography, his works are viewed through the prism of the political dimension, and he is classified as a very refined, intellectual writer. However, according to the author of the article, Birck’s texts differ little from the late medieval tradition. The analysis shows that Birck maintains the same values of stability and medieval topoi. However, the "School" clearly pushes the "City" to comprehend social experience.

scholarly journals Continuation or Evolution? Changes in Pottery Production and Vessel Types Used in Pomerelian (Gdańsk Pomerania) Towns in the Early-Modern Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 9-29
Author(s):  
Michał Starski
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Medieval Pottery

The article discusses changes in production and the of the pottery used in towns in Pomerelia in the early-modern period. These considerations are based on  advanced research on late-medieval pottery-making of the region and the relatively poorer state of knowledge about the continuity of transformations at the beginning of the early-modern period. The vantage point for this study is a characterisation of the source base, including both the artefactual  and written evidence. This enables the tracing of changes, and characteristic features of goods used, in the 16th century.

Early Modern Alchemical Theory

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-87
Author(s):  
William R. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Modern Author

This chapter argues that Newton's belief that metals are not only produced within the earth but also undergo a process of decay, leading to a cycle of subterranean generation and corruption, finds its origin in the close connection between alchemy and mining that developed in central Europe during the early modern period. Alchemy itself acquired a distinct, hylozoic cast that the aurific art had largely lacked in the European Middle Ages. Despite a common scholarly view that holds alchemy to have been uniformly vitalistic, the early modern emphasis on the cyclical life and death of metals was not a monolithic feature of the discipline across the whole of its history, but rather a gift of the miners and metallurgists who worked in shafts and galleries that exhibited to them the marvels of the underground world. The chapter concludes by describing sources used by Newton, such as his favorite chymical writer, Eirenaeus Philalethes, and the pseudonymous early modern author masked beneath the visage of the fourteenth-century scrivener Nicolas Flamel.

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